Influence of cognitive strategies of emotional regulation in the subjective and psychological well-being of university students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.03Keywords:
cognitive strategies of emotional regulation, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, university studentsAbstract
Background: In recent years it has been proposed that cognitive strategies of emotional regulation (CSER) would have predictive capacity on different indicators of well-being, since some of them would be effective to directly increase the experience of positive emotions and lessen the negative ones. Objective: This investigation aimed to analyze the explanatory contribution of using CSER to influence the levels of subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) in university students, because this population is characterized by its particular vulnerability due to the demands of academic life. Method: Eighty-four (84) university students of the psychology program from the National University of Mar del Plata were evaluated, whose average age was 23 years old. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the data. Results: Adaptive CSER (CSER- AD) were found to be positively associated with both types of well-being, while non-adaptive CSER (CSER-NA) did so in the opposite direction. Conclusions: This study shows the explanatory contribution of the differential use of CSER in university students’ well-being levels. The results could contribute to design health promotion and prevention programs in this population, given that feelings of well-being influence the coping skills for facing the academic demands.
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References
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Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en Psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. doi: 10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Augusto-Landa, J. M., Pulido-Martos, M., & López- Zafra, E. (2010). Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Spanish Undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38(6), 783-794. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2010.38.6.783
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2014). Individual Differences in Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Implications for Subjective and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 125-143. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014- 9587-3
Campbell, A. P., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation: New York. Recuperado de http:// hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071884634
Chanfreau, J., Lloyd, C., Byron, C., Roberts, C., Craig, R., Feo, D. de, & McManus, S. (2008). Predicting wellbeing. NatCen-DH: Londres. doi: 10.13140/2.1.3267.4564
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
D’acremont, M., & Linden, M. van der (2007). How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? Evidence from a French validation of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 30(2), 271-282. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.007
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Pyschological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.95.3.542
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Dierendonck, D. van (2004). The construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 629-643. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00122-3
Donoso, L. M. B., Demerouti, E., Garrosa-Hernández, E., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Carmona Cobo, I. (2015). Positive benefits of caring on nurses’ motivation and well-being: A diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work. International journal of nursing studies, 52(4), 804-816. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.002
Gancedo, M. (2008). Historia de la Psicologiìa Positiva. Antecedentes, aportes y proyecciones. En M. M. Casullo (Ed.), Praìcticas en Psicologiìa Positiva (pp. 11-38). Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial.
Gao, J., Kerstetter, D. L., Mowen, A. J., & Hickerson, B. (2018). Changes in tourists’ perception of well-being based on their use of emotion regulation strategies during vacation. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(5), 567-582. doi: 10548408.2017.137490810.1080/
Garnefski, N., Baan, N., & Kraaij, V. (2005). Psychological distress and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among farmers who fell victim to the foot-and-mouth crisis. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1317-1327.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311–1327. doi: 10.1016/S0191- 8869(00)00113-6
Garnefski, N., Kommer, T. van den, Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legerstee, J., & Onstein, E. (2002). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non-clinical sample. European Journal of Personality, 16(5), 403-420. doi: 10.1002/per.458
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2016). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1232698
Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The Big Five Traits as Predictors of Subjective and Psychological Well-Being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-231. doi: 10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Gross, J., Richards, J., & John, O. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In D. K. Snyder, J. Simpson, & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysdunction and health (pp. 13-35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/11468-001
Gross, J. J. (2008). Emotion regulation. In Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 497-513). New York, NY: The Guilford press.
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E. K. (2009). Emotion Regulation: Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression in Cross-Cultural Samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 271-291. doi: 10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and Unhealthy Emotion Regulation: Personality Processes, Individual Differences, and Life Span Development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1333. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x
Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4-41. doi: 10.1080/02699930802619031
Leahy, C. M., Peterson, R. F., Wilson, I. G., Newbury, J. W., Tonkin, A. L., & Turnbull, D. (2010). Distress Levels and Self-Reported Treatment Rates for Medicine, Law, Psychology and Mechanical Engineering Tertiary Students: Cross-Sectional Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(7), 608-615. doi: 10.3109/00048671003649052
López, N. (2011). Estilos de personalidad en estudiantes que ingresan a la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Abierta Interamericana, en Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe (Tesis de licenciatura). Recuperada de http://imgbiblio.vaneduc.edu.ar/fulltext/files/TC102415.pdf
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803- 855. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
Medrano, L. A., Moretti, L., Ortiz, Á., & Pereno, G. L. (2013). Validación del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional Cognitiva en Universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Psykhe, 22(1), 83-96. doi: 10.7764/ psyche.22.1.473
Potthoff, S., Garnefski, N., Miklósi, M., Ubbiali, A., Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Martins, E. C., Witthöft, M., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Cognitive Emotion
Regulation and Psychopathology across Cultures: A Comparison between Six European Countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 218-224. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.022
Rosa-Rodríguez, Y., Negrón-Cartagena, N., Maldonado- Peña, Y., Quiñones-Berrios, A., & Toledo-Osorio, N. (2015). Dimensiones de bienestar psicológico y apoyo social percibido con relación al sexo y nivel de estudio en universitarios. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 33(1), 31-43. doi: 10.12804/apl33.01.2015.03
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166. doi: 10.1146/ annurev.psych.52.1.141
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well- being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037/0022- 3514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., Joiner, T. E., Santed, M. A., & Valiente, R. M. (1999). Escalas PANAS de Afecto Positivo y Negativo: Validación Factorial y Convergencia Transcultural. Psicothema, 11(1), 37- 51.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologis Associationt, 55(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1037/ 0003-066X.55.1.5
Shiota, M. (2006). Silver linings and candles in the dark: Differences among positive coping strategies in predicting subjective well-being. Emotion, 6(2), 335- 339. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.335
Steptoe, A., Deaton, A., & Stone, A. A. (2015). Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. The Lancet, 385(9968), 640-648. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0
Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2004). Does life satisfaction moderate the effects of stressful life events on psychopathological behavior during adolescence? School Psychology Quarterly, 19(2), 93-105. doi: 10.1521/scpq.19.2.93.33313
Thomas, S. J., Caputi, P., & Wilson, C. J. (2014). Specific attitudes which predict psychology students’ intentions to seek help for psychological distress. Journal of clinical psychology, 70(3), 273-282. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22022
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion Regulation: A Theme in Search of Definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 25-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x
Urquijo, S., Andrés, M. L., Valle, M. del, & Rodríguez- Carvajal, R. (2015). Efecto moderador del sexo en la relación a la personalidad y el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios. Liberabit, 21(2), 329- 340.
Velásquez, C., Montgomery, W., Montero, V., Pomalaya, R., Dioses, A., Araki, R., & Reynoso, D. (2008). Bienestar psicológico, asertividad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios sanmarquinos. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 11(2), 139-152. doi: 10.15381/rinvp.v11i2.3845
Vibe, M. de, Solhaug, I., Tyssen, R., Friborg, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Sørlie, T., & Bjørndal, A. (2013). Mindfulness training for stress management: a randomised controlled study of medical and psychology students. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 13-107. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-107
Watson, D., Clark, L. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063- 1070. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Zimmerman, B. J., & Pons, M. M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American educational research journal, 23(4), 614-628. doi: 10.2307/1163093
Antonovsky, A. (1996). The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion. Health promotion international, 11(1), 11-18. doi: 10.1093/heapro/11.1.11
Atienza, F. L., Pons, D., Balaguer, I., & García-Merita, M. (2000). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes. Psicothema, 12(2), 314-319.
Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en Psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. doi: 10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Augusto-Landa, J. M., Pulido-Martos, M., & López- Zafra, E. (2010). Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Spanish Undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38(6), 783-794. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2010.38.6.783
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2014). Individual Differences in Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Implications for Subjective and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 125-143. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014- 9587-3
Campbell, A. P., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation: New York. Recuperado de http:// hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015071884634
Chanfreau, J., Lloyd, C., Byron, C., Roberts, C., Craig, R., Feo, D. de, & McManus, S. (2008). Predicting wellbeing. NatCen-DH: Londres. doi: 10.13140/2.1.3267.4564
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
D’acremont, M., & Linden, M. van der (2007). How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? Evidence from a French validation of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 30(2), 271-282. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.007
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Pyschological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.95.3.542
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Dierendonck, D. van (2004). The construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 629-643. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00122-3
Donoso, L. M. B., Demerouti, E., Garrosa-Hernández, E., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Carmona Cobo, I. (2015). Positive benefits of caring on nurses’ motivation and well-being: A diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work. International journal of nursing studies, 52(4), 804-816. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.002
Gancedo, M. (2008). Historia de la Psicologiìa Positiva. Antecedentes, aportes y proyecciones. En M. M. Casullo (Ed.), Praìcticas en Psicologiìa Positiva (pp. 11-38). Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial.
Gao, J., Kerstetter, D. L., Mowen, A. J., & Hickerson, B. (2018). Changes in tourists’ perception of well-being based on their use of emotion regulation strategies during vacation. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(5), 567-582. doi: 10548408.2017.137490810.1080/
Garnefski, N., Baan, N., & Kraaij, V. (2005). Psychological distress and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among farmers who fell victim to the foot-and-mouth crisis. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1317-1327.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311–1327. doi: 10.1016/S0191- 8869(00)00113-6
Garnefski, N., Kommer, T. van den, Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legerstee, J., & Onstein, E. (2002). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non-clinical sample. European Journal of Personality, 16(5), 403-420. doi: 10.1002/per.458
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2016). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1232698
Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The Big Five Traits as Predictors of Subjective and Psychological Well-Being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-231. doi: 10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Gross, J., Richards, J., & John, O. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In D. K. Snyder, J. Simpson, & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysdunction and health (pp. 13-35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/11468-001
Gross, J. J. (2008). Emotion regulation. In Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 497-513). New York, NY: The Guilford press.
Haga, S. M., Kraft, P., & Corby, E. K. (2009). Emotion Regulation: Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression in Cross-Cultural Samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 271-291. doi: 10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and Unhealthy Emotion Regulation: Personality Processes, Individual Differences, and Life Span Development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1333. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x
Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4-41. doi: 10.1080/02699930802619031
Leahy, C. M., Peterson, R. F., Wilson, I. G., Newbury, J. W., Tonkin, A. L., & Turnbull, D. (2010). Distress Levels and Self-Reported Treatment Rates for Medicine, Law, Psychology and Mechanical Engineering Tertiary Students: Cross-Sectional Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(7), 608-615. doi: 10.3109/00048671003649052
López, N. (2011). Estilos de personalidad en estudiantes que ingresan a la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Abierta Interamericana, en Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe (Tesis de licenciatura). Recuperada de http://imgbiblio.vaneduc.edu.ar/fulltext/files/TC102415.pdf
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803- 855. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
Medrano, L. A., Moretti, L., Ortiz, Á., & Pereno, G. L. (2013). Validación del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional Cognitiva en Universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Psykhe, 22(1), 83-96. doi: 10.7764/ psyche.22.1.473
Potthoff, S., Garnefski, N., Miklósi, M., Ubbiali, A., Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Martins, E. C., Witthöft, M., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Cognitive Emotion
Regulation and Psychopathology across Cultures: A Comparison between Six European Countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 218-224. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.022
Rosa-Rodríguez, Y., Negrón-Cartagena, N., Maldonado- Peña, Y., Quiñones-Berrios, A., & Toledo-Osorio, N. (2015). Dimensiones de bienestar psicológico y apoyo social percibido con relación al sexo y nivel de estudio en universitarios. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 33(1), 31-43. doi: 10.12804/apl33.01.2015.03
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166. doi: 10.1146/ annurev.psych.52.1.141
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well- being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037/0022- 3514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., Joiner, T. E., Santed, M. A., & Valiente, R. M. (1999). Escalas PANAS de Afecto Positivo y Negativo: Validación Factorial y Convergencia Transcultural. Psicothema, 11(1), 37- 51.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologis Associationt, 55(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1037/ 0003-066X.55.1.5
Shiota, M. (2006). Silver linings and candles in the dark: Differences among positive coping strategies in predicting subjective well-being. Emotion, 6(2), 335- 339. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.335
Steptoe, A., Deaton, A., & Stone, A. A. (2015). Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. The Lancet, 385(9968), 640-648. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0
Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2004). Does life satisfaction moderate the effects of stressful life events on psychopathological behavior during adolescence? School Psychology Quarterly, 19(2), 93-105. doi: 10.1521/scpq.19.2.93.33313
Thomas, S. J., Caputi, P., & Wilson, C. J. (2014). Specific attitudes which predict psychology students’ intentions to seek help for psychological distress. Journal of clinical psychology, 70(3), 273-282. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22022
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion Regulation: A Theme in Search of Definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 25-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x
Urquijo, S., Andrés, M. L., Valle, M. del, & Rodríguez- Carvajal, R. (2015). Efecto moderador del sexo en la relación a la personalidad y el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios. Liberabit, 21(2), 329- 340.
Velásquez, C., Montgomery, W., Montero, V., Pomalaya, R., Dioses, A., Araki, R., & Reynoso, D. (2008). Bienestar psicológico, asertividad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios sanmarquinos. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 11(2), 139-152. doi: 10.15381/rinvp.v11i2.3845
Vibe, M. de, Solhaug, I., Tyssen, R., Friborg, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Sørlie, T., & Bjørndal, A. (2013). Mindfulness training for stress management: a randomised controlled study of medical and psychology students. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 13-107. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-107
Watson, D., Clark, L. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063- 1070. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Zimmerman, B. J., & Pons, M. M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American educational research journal, 23(4), 614-628. doi: 10.2307/1163093
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2019-06-20
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How to Cite
Influence of cognitive strategies of emotional regulation in the subjective and psychological well-being of university students. (2019). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 25(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.03
