Psychometric properties of the God Locus of Health Control scale in a sample of mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2017.v23n2.07Keywords:
God Locus of Health Control, construct validity, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
The validity and reliability of the God Locus of Health Control (GLHC) scale were determined in a sample of 539 Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The validity analysis was based on the analysis of the GLHC scale’s items content and internal structure. The first procedure was conducted by six experts who evaluated the pertinence of the items adaptation. The second procedure consisted of a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis by gender and age, aimed to evaluate the GLHC scale’s measurement invariance. Finally, reliability was estimated by means of coefficients ω and H. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six-item unifactorial structure, interpretable for the study population with measurement invariance by gender. Nevertheless, precautions should be taken when interpreting age-group comparisons. The magnitude of the construct reliability was high (>0.90). The results indicate that the GLHC scale may provide valid and reliable information to assess the God Locus of Health Control in Mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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References
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Ato, M., López, J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059.
Benjamins, M. R. (2007). Predictors of preventive health care use among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico: The role of religion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 22(2), 221–234. doi: 10.1007/s10823-007- 9036-4
Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (2012). EQS 6.2 for Windows [Statistical Program]. Encino, Estados Unidos: Multivariate Software, Inc.
Berglund, E., Lytsy, P., & Westerling, R. (2014). The influence of locus of control on self-rated health in context of chronic disease: a structural equation modeling approach in a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 492. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14- 492
Brown, T. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: The Guilford Press.
Byrne, B. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20, 872-882.
Chaplin, W. F., Sparrow, V., Stuhr, J., & Van, E. (2001). A Structural Evaluation of the Expanded Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale with a Diverse Sample of Caucasian / European, Native, and Black Canadian Women. Journal of Health Psychology, 6(4), 447-455.
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464-504. doi: 10.1080/10705510701301834
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233- 255. doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Cronbach L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2016a). Evaluación de la confiabilidad del constructo mediante el Coeficiente H: Breve revisión conceptual y aplicaciones. Psychologia: Avances en la disciplina, 10(2), 87-94. doi: 10.21500/ 19002386.2134
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2016b). Errores correlacionados y estimación de la fiabilidad en estudios de validación: Comentarios al trabajo validación de la escala ehealth literacy (eheals) en población universitaria española. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 90(9), e1-e2.
Dominguez-Lara, S., & Merino-Soto, C. (2015). ¿Por qué es importante reportar los intervalos de confianza del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach? Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13(2), 1326-1328.
Dominguez-Lara, S., & Merino-Soto, C. (2017). Una modificación del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach por errores correlacionados. Revista Médica de Chile, 145(2), 270-271.
Dominguez-Lara, S., Fernández-Arata, M., Manrique, D., Alarcón-Parco, D., & Díaz-Peñaloza, M. (en prensa). Datos normativos de una escala de agotamiento emocional académico en estudiantes universitarios de psicología de Lima (Perú). Educación Médica. doi: 10.1016/j.edumed.2017.09.002
Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399-412. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12046
Edelman, S. V., & Polonsky, W. H. (2017). Type 2 diabetes in the real world: The elusive nature of glycemic control. Diabetes Care. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1974
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. En R. Cudeck, S. H. C. du Toit & D. Sörbom (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Past and present. A Festschrift in honor of Karl G. Jöreskog (pp. 195-261). Chicago, Estados Unidos: Scientific Software International.
Hernández-Ávila, M., Gutiérrez, J. P., & Reynoso-Noverón, N. (2013). Diabetes mellitus en México. El estado de la epidemia. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 129-136. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/spm/ v55s2/v55s2a10.pdf
Indelicato, L., Mariano, V., Galasso, S., Boscari, F., Cipponeri, E., Negri, C., ... Bruttomesso, D. (2017). Influence of health locus of control and fear of hypoglycaemia on glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction in people with Type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy. Diabetic Medicine, 34(5), 691-697. doi: 10.1111/dme.13321
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (2011). Panorama de las religiones en México 2010. México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Secretaría de Gobernación. Recuperado de http://internet. contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/ prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/ censos/poblacion/2010/panora_religion/ religiones_2010.pdf
Jiménez-Corona, A., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2013). Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y frecuencia de acciones para su prevención y control. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 137-143.
Kremer, H., Ironson, G., & Porr, M. (2009). Spiritual and mind–body beliefs as barriers and motivators to HIV- treatment decision-making and medication adherence? A qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(2), 127–134. doi: 10.1089/apc.2008.0131
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, Estados Unidos: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Miazgowski, T., Bikowska, M., Ogonowski, J., & Taszarek, A. (2017). The Impact of Health Locus of Control and Anxiety on Self-Monitored Blood Glucose Concentration in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of women’s health (2002). doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6366
Micceri, T. (1989). The unicorn, the normal curve, and other improbable creatures. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 156-166. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.156
Morowatisharifabad, M. A., Mahmoodabad, S. S., Baghianimoghadam, M. H., & Tonekaboni, N. R. (2010).
Relationships between locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen in a sample of Iranians. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 27-32. doi: 10.4103/0973-3930.60009
Moore, E. W. (2014). Assessing god locus of control as a factor in college students’ alcohol use and sexual behavior. Journal of American College Health, 62(8), 578-587. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2014.947994
Palacios, F. R. V. (2015). La metamorfosis de la fe en creyentes de edad avanzada. Península, 10(1), 49-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsla.2014.08.001
Pérez, E., & Medrano, L. (2010) Análisis Factorial Exploratorio: Bases Conceptuales y metodológicas. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 2(1), 58-66.
Pomeranz, M., Arbib, N., Haddif, L., Reissner, H., Romem, Y., & Biron, T. (en prensa). «In God we trust» and other factors influencing trial of labor versus Repeat cesarean section. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1326906
Ramada-Rodilla, J. M., Serra-Pujadas C., & Delclós- Clanchet, G. L. (2013). Adaptación cultural y validación de cuestionarios de salud: Revisión y recomendaciones metodológicas. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 57- 66.
Raykov, T. (2001). Bias in coefficient alpha for fixed congeneric measures with correlated errors. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(1), 69-76. doi: 10.1177/ 01466216010251005
Red de Investigadores del Fenómeno Religioso en México. (2016). Encuesta Nacional sobre Creencias y Prácticas Religiosas en México ENCREER/RIFREM 2016. México.
Rivera-Hernandez, M. (2016). Religiosity, social support and care associated with health in older Mexicans with diabetes. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 165- 187. doi: 10.1007/128
Rivera-Ledesma, A., López-Lena, M. M., & Jiménez-Zavala, S. (2014). Espiritualidad, psicología y salud. Psicología y Salud, 24(55), 139-152.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social Learning a Clinical Psychology. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Prentince Hall.
Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56-67.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. En A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399-419). Thousand Oaks, Estados Unidos: Sage.
Secretaría de Salud. (2016). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. (ENSANUT MC 2016). Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. doi: 10.21149/8593
Shams, N., Amjad, S., Kumar, N., Ahmed, W., & Saleem, F. (2016). Drug non-adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Predictors and associations. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad-Pakistan, 28(2), 302-307.
Sörbom, D. (1989). Model modification. Psychometrika, 54(3), 371-384. doi: 10.1007/BF02294623
Tsimtsiou, Z., Kirana, P. S., & Hatzichristou, D. (2014). Determinants of patients’ attitudes toward patient- centered care: A cross-sectional study in Greece. Patient Education and Counseling, 97(3), 391-395. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.08.007
Walker, J. M. (2001). Control and the psychology of health: theory, measurement and applications. Estados Unidos: Open University.
Wallston, K. A. (2005). The Validity of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(5), 623-631. doi: 10.1177/1359105305055304
Wallston, K. A., Malcarne, V. L., Flores, L., Hansdottir, I., Smith, C. A., Stein, M. J., ... Clements, P. J. (1999). Does God determine your health? The God Locus of Health Control Scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23(2), 131-142.
Welton, G. L., Adkins, A. G., Ingle, S. L., & Dixon, W. A. (1996). God control: The fourth dimension. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 24(1), 13-25.
Williams, J. S., Lynch, C. P., Voronca, D., & Egede, L. E. (2016). Health locus of control and cardiovascular risk factors in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine, 51(1), 83-90. doi: 10.1007/s12020-015-0677-8
Aflakseir, A.-A., & Mohammad-Abadi, M.-S. (2016). The role of health locus of control in predicting depression symptoms in a sample of Iranian older adults with chronic diseases. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 11(2), 82-86.
Ato, M., López, J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059.
Benjamins, M. R. (2007). Predictors of preventive health care use among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico: The role of religion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 22(2), 221–234. doi: 10.1007/s10823-007- 9036-4
Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (2012). EQS 6.2 for Windows [Statistical Program]. Encino, Estados Unidos: Multivariate Software, Inc.
Berglund, E., Lytsy, P., & Westerling, R. (2014). The influence of locus of control on self-rated health in context of chronic disease: a structural equation modeling approach in a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 492. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14- 492
Brown, T. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: The Guilford Press.
Byrne, B. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20, 872-882.
Chaplin, W. F., Sparrow, V., Stuhr, J., & Van, E. (2001). A Structural Evaluation of the Expanded Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale with a Diverse Sample of Caucasian / European, Native, and Black Canadian Women. Journal of Health Psychology, 6(4), 447-455.
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464-504. doi: 10.1080/10705510701301834
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233- 255. doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Cronbach L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2016a). Evaluación de la confiabilidad del constructo mediante el Coeficiente H: Breve revisión conceptual y aplicaciones. Psychologia: Avances en la disciplina, 10(2), 87-94. doi: 10.21500/ 19002386.2134
Dominguez-Lara, S. (2016b). Errores correlacionados y estimación de la fiabilidad en estudios de validación: Comentarios al trabajo validación de la escala ehealth literacy (eheals) en población universitaria española. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 90(9), e1-e2.
Dominguez-Lara, S., & Merino-Soto, C. (2015). ¿Por qué es importante reportar los intervalos de confianza del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach? Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13(2), 1326-1328.
Dominguez-Lara, S., & Merino-Soto, C. (2017). Una modificación del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach por errores correlacionados. Revista Médica de Chile, 145(2), 270-271.
Dominguez-Lara, S., Fernández-Arata, M., Manrique, D., Alarcón-Parco, D., & Díaz-Peñaloza, M. (en prensa). Datos normativos de una escala de agotamiento emocional académico en estudiantes universitarios de psicología de Lima (Perú). Educación Médica. doi: 10.1016/j.edumed.2017.09.002
Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399-412. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12046
Edelman, S. V., & Polonsky, W. H. (2017). Type 2 diabetes in the real world: The elusive nature of glycemic control. Diabetes Care. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1974
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. En R. Cudeck, S. H. C. du Toit & D. Sörbom (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Past and present. A Festschrift in honor of Karl G. Jöreskog (pp. 195-261). Chicago, Estados Unidos: Scientific Software International.
Hernández-Ávila, M., Gutiérrez, J. P., & Reynoso-Noverón, N. (2013). Diabetes mellitus en México. El estado de la epidemia. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 129-136. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/spm/ v55s2/v55s2a10.pdf
Indelicato, L., Mariano, V., Galasso, S., Boscari, F., Cipponeri, E., Negri, C., ... Bruttomesso, D. (2017). Influence of health locus of control and fear of hypoglycaemia on glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction in people with Type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy. Diabetic Medicine, 34(5), 691-697. doi: 10.1111/dme.13321
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (2011). Panorama de las religiones en México 2010. México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Secretaría de Gobernación. Recuperado de http://internet. contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/Productos/ prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/ censos/poblacion/2010/panora_religion/ religiones_2010.pdf
Jiménez-Corona, A., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2013). Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y frecuencia de acciones para su prevención y control. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 137-143.
Kremer, H., Ironson, G., & Porr, M. (2009). Spiritual and mind–body beliefs as barriers and motivators to HIV- treatment decision-making and medication adherence? A qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 23(2), 127–134. doi: 10.1089/apc.2008.0131
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, Estados Unidos: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Miazgowski, T., Bikowska, M., Ogonowski, J., & Taszarek, A. (2017). The Impact of Health Locus of Control and Anxiety on Self-Monitored Blood Glucose Concentration in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of women’s health (2002). doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6366
Micceri, T. (1989). The unicorn, the normal curve, and other improbable creatures. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 156-166. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.156
Morowatisharifabad, M. A., Mahmoodabad, S. S., Baghianimoghadam, M. H., & Tonekaboni, N. R. (2010).
Relationships between locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen in a sample of Iranians. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 27-32. doi: 10.4103/0973-3930.60009
Moore, E. W. (2014). Assessing god locus of control as a factor in college students’ alcohol use and sexual behavior. Journal of American College Health, 62(8), 578-587. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2014.947994
Palacios, F. R. V. (2015). La metamorfosis de la fe en creyentes de edad avanzada. Península, 10(1), 49-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsla.2014.08.001
Pérez, E., & Medrano, L. (2010) Análisis Factorial Exploratorio: Bases Conceptuales y metodológicas. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 2(1), 58-66.
Pomeranz, M., Arbib, N., Haddif, L., Reissner, H., Romem, Y., & Biron, T. (en prensa). «In God we trust» and other factors influencing trial of labor versus Repeat cesarean section. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1326906
Ramada-Rodilla, J. M., Serra-Pujadas C., & Delclós- Clanchet, G. L. (2013). Adaptación cultural y validación de cuestionarios de salud: Revisión y recomendaciones metodológicas. Salud Pública de México, 55(1), 57- 66.
Raykov, T. (2001). Bias in coefficient alpha for fixed congeneric measures with correlated errors. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(1), 69-76. doi: 10.1177/ 01466216010251005
Red de Investigadores del Fenómeno Religioso en México. (2016). Encuesta Nacional sobre Creencias y Prácticas Religiosas en México ENCREER/RIFREM 2016. México.
Rivera-Hernandez, M. (2016). Religiosity, social support and care associated with health in older Mexicans with diabetes. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 165- 187. doi: 10.1007/128
Rivera-Ledesma, A., López-Lena, M. M., & Jiménez-Zavala, S. (2014). Espiritualidad, psicología y salud. Psicología y Salud, 24(55), 139-152.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social Learning a Clinical Psychology. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Prentince Hall.
Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56-67.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. En A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399-419). Thousand Oaks, Estados Unidos: Sage.
Secretaría de Salud. (2016). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. (ENSANUT MC 2016). Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. doi: 10.21149/8593
Shams, N., Amjad, S., Kumar, N., Ahmed, W., & Saleem, F. (2016). Drug non-adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Predictors and associations. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad-Pakistan, 28(2), 302-307.
Sörbom, D. (1989). Model modification. Psychometrika, 54(3), 371-384. doi: 10.1007/BF02294623
Tsimtsiou, Z., Kirana, P. S., & Hatzichristou, D. (2014). Determinants of patients’ attitudes toward patient- centered care: A cross-sectional study in Greece. Patient Education and Counseling, 97(3), 391-395. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.08.007
Walker, J. M. (2001). Control and the psychology of health: theory, measurement and applications. Estados Unidos: Open University.
Wallston, K. A. (2005). The Validity of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(5), 623-631. doi: 10.1177/1359105305055304
Wallston, K. A., Malcarne, V. L., Flores, L., Hansdottir, I., Smith, C. A., Stein, M. J., ... Clements, P. J. (1999). Does God determine your health? The God Locus of Health Control Scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23(2), 131-142.
Welton, G. L., Adkins, A. G., Ingle, S. L., & Dixon, W. A. (1996). God control: The fourth dimension. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 24(1), 13-25.
Williams, J. S., Lynch, C. P., Voronca, D., & Egede, L. E. (2016). Health locus of control and cardiovascular risk factors in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine, 51(1), 83-90. doi: 10.1007/s12020-015-0677-8
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2017-11-30
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Psychometric properties of the God Locus of Health Control scale in a sample of mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2017). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 23(2), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2017.v23n2.07
