Relationship between psychopathological symptoms and quality of life in women and men
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2018.v24n1.07Keywords:
mental health, quality of life, gender, depression, somatizationAbstract
Mental health problems, which affect biopsychosocial development of people, worsen because people take too long to come to health services. This situation shows the need for early detection of these problems in open populations. Considering this, the present research aimed to assess the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and quality of life in women and men. The study population consisted of 465 inhabitants of the State of Mexico, who answered the SCL-90-R and WHOQOL- BREF questionnaires. Results: women have higher scores of psychopathological symptoms and lower quality of life than men. Mental health problems affect quality of life in different ways according to gender: in women, depression and global symptoms stand out; and in men, somatization, global symptoms and depression are the most common ones. This paper discusses the need for prevention and early detection of incipient symptoms of mental health problems through community work.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Afifi, M. (2007). Gender differences in mental health. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(5), 385-391. Recuperado de http://smj.sma.org.sg/4805/ 4805ra1.pdf
Alonso, J., Petukhova, M., Vilagut, G., Chatterji, S., Heeringa, S., Üstün, T. B.,... Kessler, R. (2011). Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from WHO World Mental Health surveys. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(12), 1234-1246. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.101
Astbury, J. (2001). Gender disparities in mental health. En Organización Mundial de la Salud. 54° Asamblea Mundial de la Salud. Asamblea llevada a cabo en Ginebra, Suiza. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/ mental_health/media/en/242.pdf
Connell, J., O ́Cathain, A., & Brazier, J. (2014). Measuring quality of life in mental health: Are we asking the right questions? Social Science y Medicine, 120, 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.026
Cruz, F. C. S., López, B. L., Blas, G. C., González, M. L., & Chávez, B. R. A. (2005). Datos sobre la validez y confiabilidad de la Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90) en una muestra de sujetos mexicanos. Salud Mental, 28 (1), 72-81. Recuperado de http://revista salud mental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1037
Cruz, L., Polanczyk, C., Camey, S., Hoffmann, J., & Fleck, M. (2011). Quality of life in Brazil: normative values for the WHOQOL-BREF in a southern general population sample. Quality of Life Research, 20, 1123-1129. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9845-3
Dalgard, O. S., Dowrick, C., Lehtinen, V., Vazquez- Barquero, P. C., Wilkinson, G., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., ... ODIN Group (2006). Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression. A multinational community survey with data from the ODIN study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 444-451. doi: 10.1007/s00127- 006-0051-5
Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts. R., Posada-Villa, J., Gasquet, I., Kovess, V., Lepine, J. P., ... WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA, 291(21), 2581- 2590. doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2581
Derogatis, L. R. (1977). SCL-90-R. Symptom Checklist- 90-R. Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. Minneapolis: National Computer System.
Derogatis, L. R. (2002). SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist- 90-R. Cuestionario de 90 síntomas. España: Pearson.
Fernández, M. F., & Rojo, P. F. (2005). Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación. Territoris, 5, 117-135. Recuperado de https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Territoris/article/ viewFile/117017/147939
Gagne, S., Vasiliadis, H., & Préville, M. (2014). Gender differences in general and specialty outpatient mental health service use for depression. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 135-146. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-135
González, S. L., Mercadillo, R. E., Graff, A., & Barrios, F. A. (2007). Versión Computarizada para la aplicación de Listado de Síntomas 90 (SCL90) y del Inventario de temperamento y Carácter (ITC). Salud Mental 30(4), 31- 40. Recuperado de http://www.revista saludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1177
González-Celis, R. A. L., Trón, A. R., & Chávez, B. M. (2009). Evaluación de Calidad de Vida a través del WHOQOL en Población de Adultos Mayores en México. México: UNAM FES Iztacala.
González de Rivera, J. L., De las Cuevas, C., & Rodríguez, P. F. (2002). El cuestionario de 90 síntomas. Adaptación española del SCL-90-R. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
Grande, T. L., Newmeyer, M. D., Underwood, L. A., & Williams, C.R. (2014). Path analysis of the SCL-90- R: Exploring use in outpatient assessment. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(4), 271-290. doi: 10.1177/ 0748175614538061
Hajek, A., Brettschneider, C., Ernst, A., Lange, C., Wiese, B., Prokein, J.,... Konig, H. (2015). Complex coevolution of depression and health-related quality of life in old age. Quality of Life Research, 24(11), 2713-2722. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-1005-8
Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., ... Kerndler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM- III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
Kohn, R., Levav, I., Caldas de Almeida. J. M., Vicente, B., Andrade, L., Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., ... Saraceno, B. (2005). Los trastornos mentales en América Latina y el Caribe: asunto prioritario para la salud pública. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 18(4/5), 229-240. Recuperado de http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/ bitstream/handle/123456789/8038/28084.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lara, C., Espinosa, I., Cárdenas. M., Fócil, M., & Cavazos, J. (2005). Confiabilidad y validez de la SCL-90 en la evaluación de psicopatología en mujeres. Salud Mental, 28(3), 42-50. Recuperado de http:// revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/ view/1052
Lara, C., Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., & Zambrano, J. (2007). Social cost of mental disorders: disability and workdays lost, results from the Mexican Survey of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Salud Mental, 30(5), 4- 11. Recuperado de http://revistasaludmental.mx/ index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1184
Martín-Fernández, J., Gómez-Gascón, T., del Cura- González, M. I., Tomás-García, N., Vargas-Machuca, C., & Rodríguez-Martínez, G. (2010). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud como factor explicativo de la utilización de la consulta de medicina de familia: un estudio bajo el modelo conductual. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 84 (3), 309- 319. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/ ejemplar/246160
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., ... Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders and use of services: Results from the Mexican National Survey of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Salud Mental, 26(4), 1- 16. Recuperado de http://revistasaludmental.mx/ index.php/salud_mental/article/view/956
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., ... Zambrano, J. (2005). Prevalence, service use, and demographic correlates or 12-month DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Results from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 35(12), 1773-1783. doi: 10.1017/S003329170500 5672
Nazroo, J. Y., Edwards, A. C., & Brown, G. W. (1998). Gender differences in the prevalence of depression: artefact, alternative disorder, biology or roles? Sociology of Health y Illness, 20(3), 312-330. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00104
Orden, M. van, Leone, S., Haffmans, J., Spinhoven, P., & Hoencamp, E. (2017). Prediction of mental health services use one year after regular referral to specialized care versus referral to stepped collaborative care. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(39), 316-323. doi 10.1077/510597-016-0046
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004). Promoción de la salud mental: conceptos, evidencia emergente, práctica: Informe compendiado. Ginebra, Suiza: OMS.
Pagnin, D., & de Queiroz, V., (2015). Comparison of Quality of life between medical students and young general populations. Education for Health, 28(3), 209-212. doi: 10.4103/1357-6283.178599
Reyes, M., Zhou, Y., Ye, Y., Wu, X., & Hildebrandt, M. (2016). Mental health-related quality of life assessment at diagnosis as a predictor for prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Research, 76(14), 34-66. doi 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2016- 3466
Rivera, L. A., Caballero, S. N. P., Pérez, S. I. N., & Montero, L. L. M. (2013). SCL-90 R: distrés psicológico, género y conductas de riesgo. Universitas Psychologica, 12(1), 105-118. Recuperado de http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/ index.php/revPsycho/article/view/879
Rodríguez, J. J. (2009). Salud mental en la comunidad (2a. ed.). Washington D. C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Saarni, S., Suvisaari, J., Sintonen, H., Pirkola, S., Koskinen, S., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2007). Impact of psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life: general population survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 326-332. doi: 10.1192/ bjp.bp.106.025106
Sánchez-García, M. (2013). Procesos psicológicos en la somatización: la emoción como proceso. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 13(2), 255-270. Recuperado de http://www.ijpsy.com/volumen13/num2/360/ procesos-psicolgicos-en-la-somatizacin-ES.pdf
Saraceno, B., & Fleischmann, A. (2009). La salud mental desde una perspectiva mundial. En J. J. Rodríguez (Ed.), Salud mental en la comunidad (pp.13-25). Washington D. C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Scott, K. M., von Korff, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Brmet, E., Fayyad, J., ... Williams, D. (2009). Mental-physical comorbidity and its relationship with disability: results from the World Mental health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 33-34. doi: 10.1017/S0033291708003188
Shevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O ́Connell, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial A Report from the WHOQOL Group. Quality of Life Research, 13, 299-310. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486. 91360.00
Spitzer, R., Koneke, K., Linzer, M., Hahn, S, Williams, J., de Gruy, F., ... Davies, M. (1995). Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients with Mental Disorders. Results from the PRIME-MD 1000 Study. JAMA, 274(19), 1511-1517. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530190025030
Urbán, R., Kun, B., Farkas, J., Paksi, B., Kökönyei, G., Unoka, Z., ... Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Bifactor structural model of symptom checklists: SCL-90-R and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in a non-clinical community sample. Psychiatry Research, 216(1), 146-154. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.027
Urzúa, M. A. (2010). Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud: Elementos conceptuales. Revista Médica de Chile, 138 (3), 358-365. doi: 10.4067/S0034- 98872010000300017
Urzúa, M. A. (2012). Calidad de vida: una revisión teórica del concepto. Terapia psicológica, 1(30). doi: 10.4067/S0718-48082012000100006
Urzúa, M. A., & Caqueo, U. A. (2013). Estructura factorial y valores de referencia del WHOQOL-BREF en población adulta chilena. Revista Médica de Chile, 141, 1541-1546. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872013001200008
van Loo, H., Aggen, S. H., Gardner, C. O., & Kendler, K. S. (2015). Multiple risk factors predict recurrence of major depressive disorder in women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 52-61. doi: 10.1016/ j.jad.2015.03.045
van Orden, M., Leone, S., Haffmans, J., Spinhoven, P., & Hoencamp, E. (2017). Prediction of mental health services use one year after regular referral to specialized care versus referral to stepped collaborative care. Communiy Ment Health J., 53(3), 316-323. doi: 10.1007/s10597-016-0046-y
Verdugo, M. A., & Martín, M. (2002). Autodeterminación y calidad de vida en salud mental: dos conceptos emergentes. Salud Mental, 25(4), 68-77.
WHOQOL Group (1997). WHOQOL Measuring Quality of Life. Ginebra, Suiza: WHO. Recuperado de http:// www.who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf
Alonso, J., Petukhova, M., Vilagut, G., Chatterji, S., Heeringa, S., Üstün, T. B.,... Kessler, R. (2011). Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from WHO World Mental Health surveys. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(12), 1234-1246. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.101
Astbury, J. (2001). Gender disparities in mental health. En Organización Mundial de la Salud. 54° Asamblea Mundial de la Salud. Asamblea llevada a cabo en Ginebra, Suiza. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/ mental_health/media/en/242.pdf
Connell, J., O ́Cathain, A., & Brazier, J. (2014). Measuring quality of life in mental health: Are we asking the right questions? Social Science y Medicine, 120, 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.026
Cruz, F. C. S., López, B. L., Blas, G. C., González, M. L., & Chávez, B. R. A. (2005). Datos sobre la validez y confiabilidad de la Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90) en una muestra de sujetos mexicanos. Salud Mental, 28 (1), 72-81. Recuperado de http://revista salud mental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1037
Cruz, L., Polanczyk, C., Camey, S., Hoffmann, J., & Fleck, M. (2011). Quality of life in Brazil: normative values for the WHOQOL-BREF in a southern general population sample. Quality of Life Research, 20, 1123-1129. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9845-3
Dalgard, O. S., Dowrick, C., Lehtinen, V., Vazquez- Barquero, P. C., Wilkinson, G., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., ... ODIN Group (2006). Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression. A multinational community survey with data from the ODIN study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 444-451. doi: 10.1007/s00127- 006-0051-5
Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts. R., Posada-Villa, J., Gasquet, I., Kovess, V., Lepine, J. P., ... WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA, 291(21), 2581- 2590. doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2581
Derogatis, L. R. (1977). SCL-90-R. Symptom Checklist- 90-R. Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. Minneapolis: National Computer System.
Derogatis, L. R. (2002). SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist- 90-R. Cuestionario de 90 síntomas. España: Pearson.
Fernández, M. F., & Rojo, P. F. (2005). Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación. Territoris, 5, 117-135. Recuperado de https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Territoris/article/ viewFile/117017/147939
Gagne, S., Vasiliadis, H., & Préville, M. (2014). Gender differences in general and specialty outpatient mental health service use for depression. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 135-146. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-135
González, S. L., Mercadillo, R. E., Graff, A., & Barrios, F. A. (2007). Versión Computarizada para la aplicación de Listado de Síntomas 90 (SCL90) y del Inventario de temperamento y Carácter (ITC). Salud Mental 30(4), 31- 40. Recuperado de http://www.revista saludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1177
González-Celis, R. A. L., Trón, A. R., & Chávez, B. M. (2009). Evaluación de Calidad de Vida a través del WHOQOL en Población de Adultos Mayores en México. México: UNAM FES Iztacala.
González de Rivera, J. L., De las Cuevas, C., & Rodríguez, P. F. (2002). El cuestionario de 90 síntomas. Adaptación española del SCL-90-R. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
Grande, T. L., Newmeyer, M. D., Underwood, L. A., & Williams, C.R. (2014). Path analysis of the SCL-90- R: Exploring use in outpatient assessment. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(4), 271-290. doi: 10.1177/ 0748175614538061
Hajek, A., Brettschneider, C., Ernst, A., Lange, C., Wiese, B., Prokein, J.,... Konig, H. (2015). Complex coevolution of depression and health-related quality of life in old age. Quality of Life Research, 24(11), 2713-2722. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-1005-8
Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., ... Kerndler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM- III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
Kohn, R., Levav, I., Caldas de Almeida. J. M., Vicente, B., Andrade, L., Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., ... Saraceno, B. (2005). Los trastornos mentales en América Latina y el Caribe: asunto prioritario para la salud pública. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 18(4/5), 229-240. Recuperado de http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/ bitstream/handle/123456789/8038/28084.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lara, C., Espinosa, I., Cárdenas. M., Fócil, M., & Cavazos, J. (2005). Confiabilidad y validez de la SCL-90 en la evaluación de psicopatología en mujeres. Salud Mental, 28(3), 42-50. Recuperado de http:// revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/ view/1052
Lara, C., Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., & Zambrano, J. (2007). Social cost of mental disorders: disability and workdays lost, results from the Mexican Survey of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Salud Mental, 30(5), 4- 11. Recuperado de http://revistasaludmental.mx/ index.php/salud_mental/article/view/1184
Martín-Fernández, J., Gómez-Gascón, T., del Cura- González, M. I., Tomás-García, N., Vargas-Machuca, C., & Rodríguez-Martínez, G. (2010). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud como factor explicativo de la utilización de la consulta de medicina de familia: un estudio bajo el modelo conductual. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 84 (3), 309- 319. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/ ejemplar/246160
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., ... Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders and use of services: Results from the Mexican National Survey of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Salud Mental, 26(4), 1- 16. Recuperado de http://revistasaludmental.mx/ index.php/salud_mental/article/view/956
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., ... Zambrano, J. (2005). Prevalence, service use, and demographic correlates or 12-month DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Results from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 35(12), 1773-1783. doi: 10.1017/S003329170500 5672
Nazroo, J. Y., Edwards, A. C., & Brown, G. W. (1998). Gender differences in the prevalence of depression: artefact, alternative disorder, biology or roles? Sociology of Health y Illness, 20(3), 312-330. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00104
Orden, M. van, Leone, S., Haffmans, J., Spinhoven, P., & Hoencamp, E. (2017). Prediction of mental health services use one year after regular referral to specialized care versus referral to stepped collaborative care. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(39), 316-323. doi 10.1077/510597-016-0046
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004). Promoción de la salud mental: conceptos, evidencia emergente, práctica: Informe compendiado. Ginebra, Suiza: OMS.
Pagnin, D., & de Queiroz, V., (2015). Comparison of Quality of life between medical students and young general populations. Education for Health, 28(3), 209-212. doi: 10.4103/1357-6283.178599
Reyes, M., Zhou, Y., Ye, Y., Wu, X., & Hildebrandt, M. (2016). Mental health-related quality of life assessment at diagnosis as a predictor for prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Research, 76(14), 34-66. doi 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2016- 3466
Rivera, L. A., Caballero, S. N. P., Pérez, S. I. N., & Montero, L. L. M. (2013). SCL-90 R: distrés psicológico, género y conductas de riesgo. Universitas Psychologica, 12(1), 105-118. Recuperado de http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/ index.php/revPsycho/article/view/879
Rodríguez, J. J. (2009). Salud mental en la comunidad (2a. ed.). Washington D. C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Saarni, S., Suvisaari, J., Sintonen, H., Pirkola, S., Koskinen, S., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2007). Impact of psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life: general population survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 326-332. doi: 10.1192/ bjp.bp.106.025106
Sánchez-García, M. (2013). Procesos psicológicos en la somatización: la emoción como proceso. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 13(2), 255-270. Recuperado de http://www.ijpsy.com/volumen13/num2/360/ procesos-psicolgicos-en-la-somatizacin-ES.pdf
Saraceno, B., & Fleischmann, A. (2009). La salud mental desde una perspectiva mundial. En J. J. Rodríguez (Ed.), Salud mental en la comunidad (pp.13-25). Washington D. C.: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Scott, K. M., von Korff, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Brmet, E., Fayyad, J., ... Williams, D. (2009). Mental-physical comorbidity and its relationship with disability: results from the World Mental health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 33-34. doi: 10.1017/S0033291708003188
Shevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O ́Connell, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial A Report from the WHOQOL Group. Quality of Life Research, 13, 299-310. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486. 91360.00
Spitzer, R., Koneke, K., Linzer, M., Hahn, S, Williams, J., de Gruy, F., ... Davies, M. (1995). Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Care Patients with Mental Disorders. Results from the PRIME-MD 1000 Study. JAMA, 274(19), 1511-1517. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530190025030
Urbán, R., Kun, B., Farkas, J., Paksi, B., Kökönyei, G., Unoka, Z., ... Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Bifactor structural model of symptom checklists: SCL-90-R and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in a non-clinical community sample. Psychiatry Research, 216(1), 146-154. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.027
Urzúa, M. A. (2010). Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud: Elementos conceptuales. Revista Médica de Chile, 138 (3), 358-365. doi: 10.4067/S0034- 98872010000300017
Urzúa, M. A. (2012). Calidad de vida: una revisión teórica del concepto. Terapia psicológica, 1(30). doi: 10.4067/S0718-48082012000100006
Urzúa, M. A., & Caqueo, U. A. (2013). Estructura factorial y valores de referencia del WHOQOL-BREF en población adulta chilena. Revista Médica de Chile, 141, 1541-1546. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872013001200008
van Loo, H., Aggen, S. H., Gardner, C. O., & Kendler, K. S. (2015). Multiple risk factors predict recurrence of major depressive disorder in women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 52-61. doi: 10.1016/ j.jad.2015.03.045
van Orden, M., Leone, S., Haffmans, J., Spinhoven, P., & Hoencamp, E. (2017). Prediction of mental health services use one year after regular referral to specialized care versus referral to stepped collaborative care. Communiy Ment Health J., 53(3), 316-323. doi: 10.1007/s10597-016-0046-y
Verdugo, M. A., & Martín, M. (2002). Autodeterminación y calidad de vida en salud mental: dos conceptos emergentes. Salud Mental, 25(4), 68-77.
WHOQOL Group (1997). WHOQOL Measuring Quality of Life. Ginebra, Suiza: WHO. Recuperado de http:// www.who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf
Downloads
Published
2018-06-28
Issue
Section
Brief Original
License
Copyright: In the event that the manuscript is approved for future publication, the authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the rights to publish, edit, reproduce, distribute, exhibit, and communicate nationally and internationally in the various databases, repositories and portals.
Self-archiving policy: The author can share, disseminate, and publicize his research published by the media (e.g., academic social networks, repositories, and portals) available on the web. During the editorial review process, the journal will provide the author with the previous versions (post-print) which should NOT be disclosed by any media, only for personal use and for final approval. Liberabit will send the author the final version of the article (published version) in PDF and HTML to be shared, disseminated and disclosed by the media available on the web. After the publication of the articles, the authors can make other independent or additional agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the article published in this journal (publication in books or institutional repositories), provided that it is indicated with the respective reference that the work has been published for the first time in this journal.
How to Cite
Relationship between psychopathological symptoms and quality of life in women and men. (2018). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 24(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2018.v24n1.07
