Possible selves in adolescence: Gender differences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.02Keywords:
possible selves, gender, adolescence, self- perceptionsAbstract
Background: In adolescence, multiple differences have been found in the way boys and girls perceive themselves. This leads to wondering about the way in which adolescents perceive themselves in the future, that is, the possible selves (PSs) that they can generate. Objective: To investigate the differences according to sex in the PSs of adolescents of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA). Method: The participants were adolescents (n = 392) of both sexes (women = 54.9%) who attended secondary schools in the CABA (M = 14.92, SD = 1.52). The adolescents completed an open-ended questionnaire in which they were asked to make a list of their PSs when they finish high school. A thematic content analysis of responses and a frequency count of categories were conducted. Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to study the differences in content, diversity and balance in the PSs according to sex. Results: The four categories of PSs most mentioned by boys and girls were study, work, profession, lifestyle, and family and loved ones. However, there were differences in the proportion in which males and females generated PSs in several domains. On the other hand, women had more diversity in the expected and desired PSs than men. No differences were found in the balance of the PSs. Conclusions: There is a coincidence in the domains of the PSs mentioned by boys and girls. However, women have a wider view of themselves in the future, and the domain of family and loved ones is still more prevalent for them.
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References
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Anthis, K. S., Dunkel, C. S., & Anderson, B. (2004). Gender and identity status differences in late adolescents’ possible selves. Journal of Adolescence, 27(2), 147-152. doi: 10.1016/ j.adolescence.2003.11.010
Bak, W. (2015). Possible Selves: Implications for Psychotherapy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(5), 650-658. doi: 10.1007/ s11469-015-9553-2
Barber, B. L., Abbott, B., Blomfield, C., & Eccles, J. (2009). Secrets of Their Success: Activity Participation and Positive Youth Development. In R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner, & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools (1st ed., pp. 273-287). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bronk, K. C., Hill, P. L., Lapsley, D. K., Talib, T. L., & Finch, H. (2009). Purpose, hope, and life satisfaction in three age groups. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 500-510. doi: 10.1080/ 17439760903271439
Cadely, H. S.-E., Pittman, J. F., Kerpelman, J. L., & Adler- Baeder, F. (2011). The Role of Identity Styles and Academic Possible Selves on Academic Outcomes for high School Students. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 11(4), 267-288. doi: 10.1080/15283488.2011.613580
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.112.1.155
Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122(1), 5-37. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5
Destin, M., & Oyserman, D. (2010). Incentivizing education: Seeing schoolwork as an investment, not a chore. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 846-849. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.04.004
Facio, A., Resett, S., Braude, M., & Benedetto, N. (2006). El Perfil de Autopercepción para Adolescentes de Paraná, Buenos Aires y Río Gallegos [Self- Perception Profile for Adolescents in youth from Paraná, Buenos Aires and Río Gallegos]. Investigaciones en Psicología, 11(3), 7-25.
Halfond, R., Corona, R., & Moon, A. (2013). Latino Parent and Adolescent Perceptions of Hoped-for and Feared Possible Selves for Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 28(2), 209-240. doi: 10.1177/ 0743558412457818
Harter, S. (1990). Developmental differences in the nature of self-representations: Implications for the understanding, assessment, and treatment of maladaptive behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), 113-142. doi: 10.1007/ BF01176205
Harter, S. (2012). Self -perception Profile for Adolescents: Manual and questionnaires revision. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
Josephs, R. A., Markus, H., & Tafarodi, R. W. (1992). Gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychologyersonality And, 63(3), 991-402. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.391
Knox, M., Funk, J., Elliott, R., & Bush, E. G. (2000). Gender differences in adolescents’ possible selves. Youth & Society, 31(3), 287-309. doi: 10.1177/ 0044118X00031003002
Lee, C. K., Corte, C., Stein, K. F., Park, C. G., Finnegan, L., & Mccreary, L. L. (2015). Prospective Effects of Possible Selves on Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents. Research in Nursing and Health, 38(1), 71-81. doi: 10.1002/nur.21641
Leondari, A., Gonida, E. N., & Gialamas, V. (2009). ‘Possible selves’ during middle adolescence: Relationships with school achievement and with various demographic factors. The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 16(4), 342-360.
Leondari, A., Syngollitou, E., & Kiosseoglou, G. (1998). Academic Achievement, Motivation and Future Selves. Educational Studies, 24(2), 153-163. doi: 10.1080/ 0305569980240202
Lips, H. M. (2004). The Gender Gap in Possible Selves: Divergence of Academic Self-Views Among High School and University Students. Sex Roles, 50(5-6), 357-371. doi: 10.1023/B:SERS.0000018891.888 89.c9
Lupita, C., & Cogliandro, G. (2013). Cuadernillo estadístico de la maternidad N° 7. Maternidad en Argentina: aspectos demográficos, sociales, educativos y laborales: procesamiento de datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, INDEC. Periodo 2006-2012 (1er ed.). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Observatorio de la Maternidad. Recuperado de http://www.o-maternidad.org.ar/publicaciones/ cuadernillo/2013.aspx
Malin, H., Reilly, T. S., Quinn, B., & Moran, S. (2014). Adolescent Purpose Development: Exploring Empathy, Discovering Roles, Shifting Priorities, and Creating Pathways. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(1), 186-199. doi: 10.1111/jora.12051
Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible Selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954
McClelland, C. (2011). An examination of the present and future selves of adolescents: Investigating possible selves and self-esteem in relation to gender and attachment. The Plymouth Student Scientist, 4(2), 104-130. Recuperado de https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/ handle/10026.1/13952
Molina, M. F., & Raimundi, M. J. (2011). Predictores de la autoestima global en niños de escuela primaria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Diferencias en función del sexo y la edad. Revista Argentina de Ciencias Del Comportamiento, 3(3), 1-7. Recuperado de http:// www.revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/ 5201
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., & Bugallo, L. (2017). La percepción de los estilos de crianza y su relación con las autopercepciones de los niños de Buenos Aires: Diferencias en función del género [Perceived parenting styles and their relation to self-perceptions of children from Buenos Aires]. Universitas Psychologica. Advance Online Publication, 16(1). doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-1.pecr
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., & Gimenez, M. (2017). Los posibles sí mismos de los adolescentes de Buenos Aires [The possible selves of adolescents from Buenos Aires]. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud [Latin American Journal in Social Sciences, Childhood and Youth], 15(1), 455-470. doi: 10.11600/ 1692715x.1512901102015
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., López, C., Cataldi, S., & Bugallo, L. (2011). Adaptación del Perfil de Autopercepciones para Niños para su uso en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires [Adaptation of the Self- Perception Profile for Children for its Use in Buenos Aires City]. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 2(32), 53-78.
Molina, M. F., Schmidt, V., & Raimundi, M. J. (2017a). Adolescents Possible Selves and Parental Promotion of Challenges. In J. A. Sørensen & N. S. Schultz (Eds.), Self-Perception: Research Advances and Clinical Challenges (pp. 83-125). New York, NY: Nova Science.
Molina, M. F., Schmidt, V., & Raimundi, M. J. (2017b). Possible Selves in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a Scale for their Assessment. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 151(7), 646-668. doi: 10.1080/ 00223980.2017.1372347
Norman, C. C., & Aron, A. (2003). Aspects of possible self that predict motivation to achieve or avoid it. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 500-507. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00029-5
Oyserman, D. (2004). Possible selves citations, measure, and coding instructions. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Recuperado de https://dornsife.usc.edu/ assets/sites/782/docs/possible_selves_measure.doc
Oyserman, D., Brickman, D., & Rhodes, M. (2007). School Success, Possible Selves, and Parent School Involvement. Family Relations, 56(5), 479-489. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00475.x/full
Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 188-204. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.188
Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., Terry, K., & Hart-Johnson, T. (2004). Possible selves as roadmaps. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(2), 130-149. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00057-6
Oyserman, D., & Fryberg, S. (2006). The possible selves of diverse adolescents: Content and function across gender, race and national origin. In C. Dunkel & J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, Research, and Applications (pp. 1-23). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Oyserman, D., & James, L. (2009). Possible selves: From content to process. In K. D. Markman, W. M. Klein, & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), Handbook of Imagination and Mental Simulation (pp. 373-394). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Oyserman, D., & James, L. (2011). Possible identities. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 117- 145). New Jersey: Springer Link. doi: 10.1007/978- 1-4419-7988-9
Oyserman, D., Terry, K., & Bybee, D. (2002). A possible selves intervention to enhance school involvement. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 313-326. doi: 10.1006/ yjado.474
Pavulens, J. (2013). Career-related possible selves of rural adolescents. Research for Rural Development, 2, 221-228. Recuperado de http://www2.llu.lv/ research_conf/Proceedings/19th_volume2.pdf
Pierce, J., Schmidt, C., & Stoddard, S. A. (2015). The role of feared possible selves in the relationship between peer influence and delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 38, 17-26. doi: 10.1016/ j.adolescence.2014.10.009
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (2018). Índices e indicadores de desarrollo humano. Actualización estadística de 2018. Nueva York: Communications Development Incorporated.
Resett, S., Meier, L., García-Sánchez, O., & Katz, O. (2016). Predicción del autoconcepto a partir de las emociones maternas en niños de edad escolar y diferencias según sexo [Prediction of self-concept in children by maternal emotion and sex differences]. Psicodebate, 16(1), 27-48. doi: 10.18682/pd.v16 i1.565
Shepard, B., & Marshall, A. (1999). Possible Selves Mapping: Life-Career Exploration with Young Adolescents. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 33(1), 37-54. Recuperado de http://eric.ed.gov/ ?id=EJ587281
Sica, L. S. (2009). Adolescents in different contexts: The exploration of identity through possible selves. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(3), 221-252. Recuperado de https:// psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-21493-001
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Unemori, P., Omoregie, H., & Markus, H. R. (2004). Self-Portraits: Possible Selves in European- American, Chilean, Japanese and Japanese-American Cultural Contexts. Self and Identity, 3(4), 321-338. doi: 10.1080/13576500444000100
Yowell, C. M. (2002). Dreams of the Future: The Pursuit of Education and Career Possible Selves Among Ninth Grade Latino Youth. Applied Developmental Science, 6(2), 62-72. doi: 10.1207/ S1532480XADS0602_2
Zhu, S., & Tse, S. (2016). Possible selves, strategies and perceived likelihood among adolescents in Hong Kong: desire and concern. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. Advance on Line Publication., 21(2), 135-149. doi: 10.1080/ 02673843.2015.1031683
Anderman, E. M., Anderman, L. H., & Griesinger, T. (1999). The Relation of Present and Possible Academic Selves During Early Adolescence to Grade Point Average and Achievement Goals. The Elementary School Journal, 100(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1086/461940
Anthis, K. S., Dunkel, C. S., & Anderson, B. (2004). Gender and identity status differences in late adolescents’ possible selves. Journal of Adolescence, 27(2), 147-152. doi: 10.1016/ j.adolescence.2003.11.010
Bak, W. (2015). Possible Selves: Implications for Psychotherapy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(5), 650-658. doi: 10.1007/ s11469-015-9553-2
Barber, B. L., Abbott, B., Blomfield, C., & Eccles, J. (2009). Secrets of Their Success: Activity Participation and Positive Youth Development. In R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner, & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools (1st ed., pp. 273-287). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bronk, K. C., Hill, P. L., Lapsley, D. K., Talib, T. L., & Finch, H. (2009). Purpose, hope, and life satisfaction in three age groups. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 500-510. doi: 10.1080/ 17439760903271439
Cadely, H. S.-E., Pittman, J. F., Kerpelman, J. L., & Adler- Baeder, F. (2011). The Role of Identity Styles and Academic Possible Selves on Academic Outcomes for high School Students. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 11(4), 267-288. doi: 10.1080/15283488.2011.613580
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.112.1.155
Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122(1), 5-37. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5
Destin, M., & Oyserman, D. (2010). Incentivizing education: Seeing schoolwork as an investment, not a chore. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 846-849. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.04.004
Facio, A., Resett, S., Braude, M., & Benedetto, N. (2006). El Perfil de Autopercepción para Adolescentes de Paraná, Buenos Aires y Río Gallegos [Self- Perception Profile for Adolescents in youth from Paraná, Buenos Aires and Río Gallegos]. Investigaciones en Psicología, 11(3), 7-25.
Halfond, R., Corona, R., & Moon, A. (2013). Latino Parent and Adolescent Perceptions of Hoped-for and Feared Possible Selves for Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 28(2), 209-240. doi: 10.1177/ 0743558412457818
Harter, S. (1990). Developmental differences in the nature of self-representations: Implications for the understanding, assessment, and treatment of maladaptive behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), 113-142. doi: 10.1007/ BF01176205
Harter, S. (2012). Self -perception Profile for Adolescents: Manual and questionnaires revision. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
Josephs, R. A., Markus, H., & Tafarodi, R. W. (1992). Gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychologyersonality And, 63(3), 991-402. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.391
Knox, M., Funk, J., Elliott, R., & Bush, E. G. (2000). Gender differences in adolescents’ possible selves. Youth & Society, 31(3), 287-309. doi: 10.1177/ 0044118X00031003002
Lee, C. K., Corte, C., Stein, K. F., Park, C. G., Finnegan, L., & Mccreary, L. L. (2015). Prospective Effects of Possible Selves on Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents. Research in Nursing and Health, 38(1), 71-81. doi: 10.1002/nur.21641
Leondari, A., Gonida, E. N., & Gialamas, V. (2009). ‘Possible selves’ during middle adolescence: Relationships with school achievement and with various demographic factors. The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 16(4), 342-360.
Leondari, A., Syngollitou, E., & Kiosseoglou, G. (1998). Academic Achievement, Motivation and Future Selves. Educational Studies, 24(2), 153-163. doi: 10.1080/ 0305569980240202
Lips, H. M. (2004). The Gender Gap in Possible Selves: Divergence of Academic Self-Views Among High School and University Students. Sex Roles, 50(5-6), 357-371. doi: 10.1023/B:SERS.0000018891.888 89.c9
Lupita, C., & Cogliandro, G. (2013). Cuadernillo estadístico de la maternidad N° 7. Maternidad en Argentina: aspectos demográficos, sociales, educativos y laborales: procesamiento de datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, INDEC. Periodo 2006-2012 (1er ed.). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Observatorio de la Maternidad. Recuperado de http://www.o-maternidad.org.ar/publicaciones/ cuadernillo/2013.aspx
Malin, H., Reilly, T. S., Quinn, B., & Moran, S. (2014). Adolescent Purpose Development: Exploring Empathy, Discovering Roles, Shifting Priorities, and Creating Pathways. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(1), 186-199. doi: 10.1111/jora.12051
Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible Selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954
McClelland, C. (2011). An examination of the present and future selves of adolescents: Investigating possible selves and self-esteem in relation to gender and attachment. The Plymouth Student Scientist, 4(2), 104-130. Recuperado de https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/ handle/10026.1/13952
Molina, M. F., & Raimundi, M. J. (2011). Predictores de la autoestima global en niños de escuela primaria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Diferencias en función del sexo y la edad. Revista Argentina de Ciencias Del Comportamiento, 3(3), 1-7. Recuperado de http:// www.revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/ 5201
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., & Bugallo, L. (2017). La percepción de los estilos de crianza y su relación con las autopercepciones de los niños de Buenos Aires: Diferencias en función del género [Perceived parenting styles and their relation to self-perceptions of children from Buenos Aires]. Universitas Psychologica. Advance Online Publication, 16(1). doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-1.pecr
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., & Gimenez, M. (2017). Los posibles sí mismos de los adolescentes de Buenos Aires [The possible selves of adolescents from Buenos Aires]. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud [Latin American Journal in Social Sciences, Childhood and Youth], 15(1), 455-470. doi: 10.11600/ 1692715x.1512901102015
Molina, M. F., Raimundi, M. J., López, C., Cataldi, S., & Bugallo, L. (2011). Adaptación del Perfil de Autopercepciones para Niños para su uso en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires [Adaptation of the Self- Perception Profile for Children for its Use in Buenos Aires City]. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 2(32), 53-78.
Molina, M. F., Schmidt, V., & Raimundi, M. J. (2017a). Adolescents Possible Selves and Parental Promotion of Challenges. In J. A. Sørensen & N. S. Schultz (Eds.), Self-Perception: Research Advances and Clinical Challenges (pp. 83-125). New York, NY: Nova Science.
Molina, M. F., Schmidt, V., & Raimundi, M. J. (2017b). Possible Selves in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a Scale for their Assessment. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 151(7), 646-668. doi: 10.1080/ 00223980.2017.1372347
Norman, C. C., & Aron, A. (2003). Aspects of possible self that predict motivation to achieve or avoid it. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 500-507. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00029-5
Oyserman, D. (2004). Possible selves citations, measure, and coding instructions. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Recuperado de https://dornsife.usc.edu/ assets/sites/782/docs/possible_selves_measure.doc
Oyserman, D., Brickman, D., & Rhodes, M. (2007). School Success, Possible Selves, and Parent School Involvement. Family Relations, 56(5), 479-489. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00475.x/full
Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 188-204. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.188
Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., Terry, K., & Hart-Johnson, T. (2004). Possible selves as roadmaps. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(2), 130-149. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00057-6
Oyserman, D., & Fryberg, S. (2006). The possible selves of diverse adolescents: Content and function across gender, race and national origin. In C. Dunkel & J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, Research, and Applications (pp. 1-23). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Oyserman, D., & James, L. (2009). Possible selves: From content to process. In K. D. Markman, W. M. Klein, & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), Handbook of Imagination and Mental Simulation (pp. 373-394). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Oyserman, D., & James, L. (2011). Possible identities. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 117- 145). New Jersey: Springer Link. doi: 10.1007/978- 1-4419-7988-9
Oyserman, D., Terry, K., & Bybee, D. (2002). A possible selves intervention to enhance school involvement. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 313-326. doi: 10.1006/ yjado.474
Pavulens, J. (2013). Career-related possible selves of rural adolescents. Research for Rural Development, 2, 221-228. Recuperado de http://www2.llu.lv/ research_conf/Proceedings/19th_volume2.pdf
Pierce, J., Schmidt, C., & Stoddard, S. A. (2015). The role of feared possible selves in the relationship between peer influence and delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 38, 17-26. doi: 10.1016/ j.adolescence.2014.10.009
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (2018). Índices e indicadores de desarrollo humano. Actualización estadística de 2018. Nueva York: Communications Development Incorporated.
Resett, S., Meier, L., García-Sánchez, O., & Katz, O. (2016). Predicción del autoconcepto a partir de las emociones maternas en niños de edad escolar y diferencias según sexo [Prediction of self-concept in children by maternal emotion and sex differences]. Psicodebate, 16(1), 27-48. doi: 10.18682/pd.v16 i1.565
Shepard, B., & Marshall, A. (1999). Possible Selves Mapping: Life-Career Exploration with Young Adolescents. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 33(1), 37-54. Recuperado de http://eric.ed.gov/ ?id=EJ587281
Sica, L. S. (2009). Adolescents in different contexts: The exploration of identity through possible selves. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(3), 221-252. Recuperado de https:// psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-21493-001
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Unemori, P., Omoregie, H., & Markus, H. R. (2004). Self-Portraits: Possible Selves in European- American, Chilean, Japanese and Japanese-American Cultural Contexts. Self and Identity, 3(4), 321-338. doi: 10.1080/13576500444000100
Yowell, C. M. (2002). Dreams of the Future: The Pursuit of Education and Career Possible Selves Among Ninth Grade Latino Youth. Applied Developmental Science, 6(2), 62-72. doi: 10.1207/ S1532480XADS0602_2
Zhu, S., & Tse, S. (2016). Possible selves, strategies and perceived likelihood among adolescents in Hong Kong: desire and concern. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. Advance on Line Publication., 21(2), 135-149. doi: 10.1080/ 02673843.2015.1031683
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2019-06-19
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How to Cite
Possible selves in adolescence: Gender differences. (2019). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 25(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.02
