A estrutura do comportamento pró-social. Sua aproximação pelo modelo bifatorial da teoria da resposta multidimensional a itens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.04Palavras-chave:
comportamento pró-social, prosocialidade, teoria da resposta ao item multidimensional, modelo bifatorialResumo
Problema e Objectivos: Para determinar se a estrutura de comportamento pró-social medido pela Escala de Comportamento Prosocial (ECP) pode ser representado por um factor geral, prosociality, combinado com factores específicos, as subescalas de ECP. Método: Foi uma amostra para acessibilidade de 692 participantes (65% mulheres), residentes da Grande Buenos Aires e do interior da Argentina. casos de dimensionalidade e dependência local está marcada, então o ajuste relativo entre três modelos da Teoria da Resposta ao Item foi comparado: bifatorial Modelo resposta gradual (MRG), Modelo resposta gradual Multidimensional (MRGM) e Modelo resposta gradual (MRGB). Resultados: O MRGB foi o modelo com o melhor ajuste relativo, este modelo foi implementado calculando os parâmetros condicionais e marginais. Da mesma forma, o índice ECV foi calculado. Conclusões: Os itens da ECP foram influenciados principalmente pela prosocialidade. A subescala Ajuda explicou uma proporção significativa da variação comum. Em contrapartida, a subescala Confortar, considerada como um fator específico, explicou uma pequena parte dessa variância.
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Referências
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Ayala, R. J. de (2009). The theory and practice of item response theory. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 57(1), 289-300.
Berge, J. M. ten, & Soèan G. (2004). The greatest lower bound to the reliability of a test and the hypothesis of unidimensionality. Psychometrika, 69(4), 613- 625.
Bjorner, J. B., Smith, K. J., Edelen, M. O., Stone, C., Thissen, D., & Sun, X. (2007). IRTFIT: A macro for item fit and local dependence tests under IRT models. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated.
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Cai, L., Thissen, D., & Toit, S. du (2011). IRTPRO user’s guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientiûc Software International.
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Caprara, G. V., Alessandri, G., & Eisenerg, N. (2012). Prosociality: the contribution of traits, values, and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1289-1303. doi: 10.1037/a0025626
Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1993). Early emotional instability, prosocial behavior, and aggression: some methodological aspects. European Journal of Personality, 7(1), 19-36. doi: 10.1002/per.2410070103
Caprara, G. V., Steca, P., Zelli, A., & Capanna, C. (2005). A new scale for measuring adults’ prosocialness. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 77-89. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.77
Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The Development of a Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Late Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1014033032440
Carrasco, C., & Trianes, M. V. (2010). Clima social, prosocialidad y violencia como predictores de inadaptación escolar en primaria. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 3(2), 229-242. https:/ /doi.org/10.30552/ejep.v3i2.54
Chen, W., & Thissen, D. (1997). Local dependence indixes for item pairs using item response theory. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22, 265-289. doi: 10.3102/10769986022003265
Cuadrado, E., Tabernero, C., García, R., Luque, B., & Seibert, J. (2017). The Role of Prosocialness and Trust in the Consumption of Water as a Limited Resource. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 694. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00694
Dunfield, K. A. (2014). A construct divided: prosocial behavior as helping, sharing, and comforting subtypes. Front. Psychol, 5, 958. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00958
Eisenberg, N., Eggum, N. D., & Giunta, L. di (2010). Empathy-Related Responding: Associations with Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Intergroup Relations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), 143-180. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01020.x
Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2014). Multidimensionality of prosocial behavior. Rethinking the conceptualization and development of prosocial behavior. In L. M. Padilla-Walker & G. Carlo (Eds.), Prosocial development: A multidimensional approach (pp. 17-39). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199964772.003.0002
Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., O’Carroll, R. E., & Smillie, L. D. (2018). Costless and Costly Prosociality: Correspondence Among Personality Traits, Economic Preferences, and Real-World Prosociality. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(4), 461-471. doi: 10.1177/1948550618765071
Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2017). Program FACTOR at 10: Origins, development and future directions. Psicothema, 29(2), 236-240. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2016.304
Gatner, D. T., Douglas, K. S., & Hart, S. D. (2016). Examining the incremental and interactive effects of boldness with meanness and disinhibition within the triarchic model of psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(3), 259-268. doi: 10.1037/per0000182
Gibbons, R. D., Bock, R. D., Hedeker, D., Weiss, D. J., Segawa, E., Bhaumik, D. K., ... Stover, A. (2007). Full-Information Item Bifactor Analysis of Graded Response Data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(1), 4-19. doi: 10.1177/0146621606289485
Gibbons, R. D., & Hedeker, D. R. (1992). Full- information bi-factor analysis. Psychometrika, 57(3), 423-436.
González, M. D. (2000). Conducta prosocial: Evaluación e Intervención. Madrid, España: Morata.
Hay, D. F., & Cook, K. V. (2007). The transformation of prosocial behavior from infancy to childhood. In C. A. Brownell & C. B. Kopp (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 100-131). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Inderbitzen, H. M., & Foster, S. L. (1992). The Teenage Inventory of Social Skills: Development, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 4(4), 451- 459. doi: 0.1037/1040-3590.4.4.451
Kelley, K., & Lai, K. (2017). The MBESS R Package version 4.2.0. Recuperado de https://cran.r- project.org/web/packages/MBESS/MBESS.pdf
Knafo-Noam, A., Uzefovsky, F., Israel, S., Davidov, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2015). The prosocial personality and its facets: genetic and environmental architecture of mother-reported behavior of 7-year-old twins. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 112. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00112
Ladd, G. W., & Profilet, S. M. (1996). The Child Behavior Scale: A teacher-report measure of young children’s aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 1008-1024. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.1008
Langer, M. (2008). A reexamination of Lord’s Wald test for differential item functioning using item response theory and modern error estimation (Tesis doctoral, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Recuperada de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/204e/ a4e24df2284f4c6833b73ec18a01964fe2ca.pdf
Lozano, L. M., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the Number of Response Categories on the Reliability and Validity of Rating Scales. Methodology, 4(2), 73-79. doi: 10.1027/1614- 2241.4.2.73
Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2005). Limited and full information estimation and testing in 2n Contingency Tables: A Unified Framework. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100, 1009-1020. doi: 10.1198/016214504000002069
Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2006). Limited Information Goodness-of-fit Testing in Multidimensional Contingency Tables. Psychometrika, 71, 713-732. doi: 10.1007/s11336- 005-1295-9
Mestre, M. V., Samper, P., & Frías, M. D. (2002). Procesos cognitivos y emocionales predictores de la conducta prosocial y agresiva: La empatía como factor modulador. Psicothema, 14(2), 227-232.
Muraki, E., & Carlson, J. E. (1995). Full-Information Factor Analysis for Polytomous Item Responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19(1), 73-90. doi: 10.1177/014662169501900109
Orlando, M., & Thissen, D. (2000). Likelihood-Based Item Fit Indices for Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 24(1), 50-64. doi: 10.1177/ 01466216000241003
Orlando, M., & Thissen, D. (2003). Further Investigation of the Performance of S-÷2: An Item Fit Index for Use With Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 27(4), 289- 298. doi: 10.1177/0146621603027004004
Ouyang, X., Xin, T., & Chen, F. (2016). Construct Validity of the Children’s Coping Strategies Scale (CCSS) A Bifactor Model Approach. Psychological Reports, 118(1), 199-218. doi: 10.1177/0033294116628362
Penner, L., Fritzsche, B., Craiger, J., & Freifeld, T. (1995). Measuring the prosocial personality. In J. Butcher, & C. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in Personality Assessment (Vol. 10). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Reise, S. P., Moore, T. M., & Haviland, M. G. (2010). Bifactor Models and Rotations: Exploring the Extent to Which Multidimensional Data Yield Univocal Scale Scores. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(6), 544-559. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2010.496477
Roche, R. (1998). El uso educativo de la televisión como optimizadora de la prosocialidad. Psychosocial Intervention, 7(3), 363-377.
Samejima, F. (1968). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika monograph supplement, 17(4), 2. doi: 10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x
Strakatý, S. (2016). Relationship between Traumatic Experience and Prosocial Behavior (Tesis de bachillerato). State University of New York, Empire State College.
Stucky, B. D., & Edelen, M. O. (2015). Using hierarchical IRT models to create unidimensional measures from multidimensional data. In S. P. Reise & D. A. Revicki (Eds.), Handbook of item response theory modeling: Applications to typical performance assessment (pp. 183-206). New York, NY: Routledge.
Stucky, B. D., Thissen, D., & Edelen, M. O. (2013). Using Logistic Approximations of Marginal Trace Lines to Develop Short Assessments. Applied Psychological Measurement, 37(1), 41-57. doi: 10.1177/ 0146621612462759
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA: Ally and Bacon.
Toland, M. D., Sulis, I., Giambona, F., Porcu, M., & Campbell, J. M. (2017). Introduction to bifactor polytomous item response theory analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 60, 41-63. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsp.2016.11.001
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, 100(3), 455-471. doi: 10.1348/000712608X379061
American Psychological Association (2010). Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Washington, D.C.: APA.
Auné, S. E., Abal, F. J. P., & Attorresi, H. F. (2016). Antagonismos entre concepciones de empatía y su relación con la conducta prosocial. Revista de Psicología, 17(2), 137-149. doi: 10.18050/revpsi.v17n2a7.2015
Auné, S. E., & Attorresi, H. F. (2017). Dimensionalidad de un Test de Conducta Prosocial. Revista Evaluar, 17(1), 29-37.
Auné, S. E., Blum, G. D., Abal, F. J. P., Lozzia, G. S., & Attorresi, H. F. (2014). La conducta prosocial: Estado actual de la investigación. Perspectivas en Psicología, 11(2), 21-33.
Ayala, R. J. de (2009). The theory and practice of item response theory. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 57(1), 289-300.
Berge, J. M. ten, & Soèan G. (2004). The greatest lower bound to the reliability of a test and the hypothesis of unidimensionality. Psychometrika, 69(4), 613- 625.
Bjorner, J. B., Smith, K. J., Edelen, M. O., Stone, C., Thissen, D., & Sun, X. (2007). IRTFIT: A macro for item fit and local dependence tests under IRT models. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated.
Bock, R. D., & Gibbons, R. (2010). Factor analysis of categorical item responses. In M. L. Nering & R. Ostini (Eds.), Handbook of polytomous item response theory models (pp. 155-184). New York, NY: Routledge.
Cai, L. (2012). flexMIRT: Flexible multilevel item factor analysis and test scoring [Computer software]. Seattle, WA: Vector Psychometric Group, LLC.
Cai, L., Thissen, D., & Toit, S. du (2011). IRTPRO user’s guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientiûc Software International.
Cai, Y. (2015). The value of using test response data for content validity: An application of the bifactor-MIRT to a nursing knowledge test. Nurse Education Today, 35(12), 1181-1185. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.05.014
Caprara, G. V., Alessandri, G., & Eisenerg, N. (2012). Prosociality: the contribution of traits, values, and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1289-1303. doi: 10.1037/a0025626
Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1993). Early emotional instability, prosocial behavior, and aggression: some methodological aspects. European Journal of Personality, 7(1), 19-36. doi: 10.1002/per.2410070103
Caprara, G. V., Steca, P., Zelli, A., & Capanna, C. (2005). A new scale for measuring adults’ prosocialness. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 77-89. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.77
Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The Development of a Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Late Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1014033032440
Carrasco, C., & Trianes, M. V. (2010). Clima social, prosocialidad y violencia como predictores de inadaptación escolar en primaria. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 3(2), 229-242. https:/ /doi.org/10.30552/ejep.v3i2.54
Chen, W., & Thissen, D. (1997). Local dependence indixes for item pairs using item response theory. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22, 265-289. doi: 10.3102/10769986022003265
Cuadrado, E., Tabernero, C., García, R., Luque, B., & Seibert, J. (2017). The Role of Prosocialness and Trust in the Consumption of Water as a Limited Resource. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 694. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00694
Dunfield, K. A. (2014). A construct divided: prosocial behavior as helping, sharing, and comforting subtypes. Front. Psychol, 5, 958. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00958
Eisenberg, N., Eggum, N. D., & Giunta, L. di (2010). Empathy-Related Responding: Associations with Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Intergroup Relations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), 143-180. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01020.x
Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2014). Multidimensionality of prosocial behavior. Rethinking the conceptualization and development of prosocial behavior. In L. M. Padilla-Walker & G. Carlo (Eds.), Prosocial development: A multidimensional approach (pp. 17-39). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199964772.003.0002
Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., O’Carroll, R. E., & Smillie, L. D. (2018). Costless and Costly Prosociality: Correspondence Among Personality Traits, Economic Preferences, and Real-World Prosociality. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(4), 461-471. doi: 10.1177/1948550618765071
Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2017). Program FACTOR at 10: Origins, development and future directions. Psicothema, 29(2), 236-240. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2016.304
Gatner, D. T., Douglas, K. S., & Hart, S. D. (2016). Examining the incremental and interactive effects of boldness with meanness and disinhibition within the triarchic model of psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(3), 259-268. doi: 10.1037/per0000182
Gibbons, R. D., Bock, R. D., Hedeker, D., Weiss, D. J., Segawa, E., Bhaumik, D. K., ... Stover, A. (2007). Full-Information Item Bifactor Analysis of Graded Response Data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(1), 4-19. doi: 10.1177/0146621606289485
Gibbons, R. D., & Hedeker, D. R. (1992). Full- information bi-factor analysis. Psychometrika, 57(3), 423-436.
González, M. D. (2000). Conducta prosocial: Evaluación e Intervención. Madrid, España: Morata.
Hay, D. F., & Cook, K. V. (2007). The transformation of prosocial behavior from infancy to childhood. In C. A. Brownell & C. B. Kopp (Eds.), Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations (pp. 100-131). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Inderbitzen, H. M., & Foster, S. L. (1992). The Teenage Inventory of Social Skills: Development, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 4(4), 451- 459. doi: 0.1037/1040-3590.4.4.451
Kelley, K., & Lai, K. (2017). The MBESS R Package version 4.2.0. Recuperado de https://cran.r- project.org/web/packages/MBESS/MBESS.pdf
Knafo-Noam, A., Uzefovsky, F., Israel, S., Davidov, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2015). The prosocial personality and its facets: genetic and environmental architecture of mother-reported behavior of 7-year-old twins. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 112. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00112
Ladd, G. W., & Profilet, S. M. (1996). The Child Behavior Scale: A teacher-report measure of young children’s aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 1008-1024. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.1008
Langer, M. (2008). A reexamination of Lord’s Wald test for differential item functioning using item response theory and modern error estimation (Tesis doctoral, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Recuperada de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/204e/ a4e24df2284f4c6833b73ec18a01964fe2ca.pdf
Lozano, L. M., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the Number of Response Categories on the Reliability and Validity of Rating Scales. Methodology, 4(2), 73-79. doi: 10.1027/1614- 2241.4.2.73
Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2005). Limited and full information estimation and testing in 2n Contingency Tables: A Unified Framework. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100, 1009-1020. doi: 10.1198/016214504000002069
Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2006). Limited Information Goodness-of-fit Testing in Multidimensional Contingency Tables. Psychometrika, 71, 713-732. doi: 10.1007/s11336- 005-1295-9
Mestre, M. V., Samper, P., & Frías, M. D. (2002). Procesos cognitivos y emocionales predictores de la conducta prosocial y agresiva: La empatía como factor modulador. Psicothema, 14(2), 227-232.
Muraki, E., & Carlson, J. E. (1995). Full-Information Factor Analysis for Polytomous Item Responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19(1), 73-90. doi: 10.1177/014662169501900109
Orlando, M., & Thissen, D. (2000). Likelihood-Based Item Fit Indices for Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 24(1), 50-64. doi: 10.1177/ 01466216000241003
Orlando, M., & Thissen, D. (2003). Further Investigation of the Performance of S-÷2: An Item Fit Index for Use With Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 27(4), 289- 298. doi: 10.1177/0146621603027004004
Ouyang, X., Xin, T., & Chen, F. (2016). Construct Validity of the Children’s Coping Strategies Scale (CCSS) A Bifactor Model Approach. Psychological Reports, 118(1), 199-218. doi: 10.1177/0033294116628362
Penner, L., Fritzsche, B., Craiger, J., & Freifeld, T. (1995). Measuring the prosocial personality. In J. Butcher, & C. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in Personality Assessment (Vol. 10). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Reise, S. P., Moore, T. M., & Haviland, M. G. (2010). Bifactor Models and Rotations: Exploring the Extent to Which Multidimensional Data Yield Univocal Scale Scores. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(6), 544-559. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2010.496477
Roche, R. (1998). El uso educativo de la televisión como optimizadora de la prosocialidad. Psychosocial Intervention, 7(3), 363-377.
Samejima, F. (1968). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika monograph supplement, 17(4), 2. doi: 10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x
Strakatý, S. (2016). Relationship between Traumatic Experience and Prosocial Behavior (Tesis de bachillerato). State University of New York, Empire State College.
Stucky, B. D., & Edelen, M. O. (2015). Using hierarchical IRT models to create unidimensional measures from multidimensional data. In S. P. Reise & D. A. Revicki (Eds.), Handbook of item response theory modeling: Applications to typical performance assessment (pp. 183-206). New York, NY: Routledge.
Stucky, B. D., Thissen, D., & Edelen, M. O. (2013). Using Logistic Approximations of Marginal Trace Lines to Develop Short Assessments. Applied Psychological Measurement, 37(1), 41-57. doi: 10.1177/ 0146621612462759
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA: Ally and Bacon.
Toland, M. D., Sulis, I., Giambona, F., Porcu, M., & Campbell, J. M. (2017). Introduction to bifactor polytomous item response theory analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 60, 41-63. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsp.2016.11.001
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, 100(3), 455-471. doi: 10.1348/000712608X379061
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2019-06-18
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A estrutura do comportamento pró-social. Sua aproximação pelo modelo bifatorial da teoria da resposta multidimensional a itens. (2019). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 25(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n1.04
