Efeito da personalidade no raciocínio composto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n1.04Palavras-chave:
modelos mentais, negação composta, preconceitos de raciocínio, fatores de personalidadeResumo
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a relação entre personalidade e raciocínio proposicional em negações compostas, particularmente aplicadas às leis de Morgan. Método: avaliar características personalidade, a lista adjetiva foi usada para Avaliar Personalidade, um instrumento baseado na Teoria dos cinco fatores desenvolvidos para o meio ambiente Argentino No caso do raciocínio, uma tarefa foi aplicada utilizado em estudos anteriores, nos quais o sujeito deveria encontre o equivalente lógico de uma negação composto. Foram oferecidas quatro opções de resposta, um correto e três vinculados a vieses específicos. Tanto o pesquisas como o paradigma, foram elaboradas a partir Teoria dos Modelos Mentais proposta para o negação O estudo foi correlacional, e Participaram 150 estudantes universitários. Resultados: Foram encontrados fatores de neuroticismo, Extroversão e bondade estavam ligadas a padrões de respostas específicas A dificuldade e o contexto foram considerados mediadores do processo. Discussão: o evidência era compatível com a teoria dos modelos Mental, mas inconsistente em relação às teorias com base em regras formais.
Contribuição da autoria
MCC: coleta de dados, análise estatística, dados interpretação e discussão.
ER: Discussão e revisão final do artigo.
GM:Concepção e desenho do estudo, interpretação dos dados, discussão e revisão final do manuscrito.
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10.1126/sciadv.aaw522
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factors in the Argentine population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(1), 46-55. doi:10.1080/00223891.2010.513708
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Ariely, D. (2008). Predictably Irrational. Canada: Harper Collins.
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University Press.
Bott, L., & Noveck, I. A. (2004). Some utterances are underinformative: The onset and time course of scalar
inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 51(3), 437-457. doi:10.1016/j. jml.2004.05.006
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Brandt, N. D., Lechner, C. M., Tetzner, J., & Rammstedt, B. (2019) (in press). Personality, cognitive ability, and academic performance: Differential associations across school subjects and school tracks. Journal of personality. 1-7. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12482
Campitelli, G., Macbeth, G., Ospina, R., & Marmolejo- Ramos, F. (2016). Three Strategies for the Critical Use
of Statistical Methods in Psychological Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77(5),
881-895. doi: 10.1177/0013164416668234
Castro-Solano, A., & Casullo, M. M. (2001). Rasgos de personalidad, bienestar psicológico y rendimiento
académico en adolescentes argentinos. Interdisciplinaria, 18(1), 65-85.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1999). Inventario de Personalidad Neo Revisado (NEO PI-R). Inventario NEO reducido de cinco factores (NEO-FFI). Manual professional. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2019). Personality across the life span. Annual Review of
Psychology, 70, 423-448. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103244
De Morgan, A. (1847). Formal logic: or, the calculus of inference, necessary and probable. London: Taylor and Walton.
Elqayam, S., & Over, D. E. (2016). From is to ought: The place of normative models in the study of human thought. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 628. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00628
Evans, J. S. B. T. (1998). Matching bias in conditional reasoning: Do we understand it after 25 years? Thinking & Reasoning, 4(1), 45-82. doi:10.1080/135467898394247
Evans, J. S. B. T., Handley, S. J., Neilens, H., & Over, D. E. (2008). Understanding causal conditionals: A study of
individual differences. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(9),1291-1297. doi: 10.1080/17470210802027961
Fumero, A., Santamaría, C., & Johnson-Laird, P. (2010).Formas de pensar: efecto de la personalidad en el
razonamiento. Psicothema, 22(1), 57-62. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=727/72712699010
Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Horn, L. R. (1989). A natural history of negation. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Horn, L. R., & Ward, G. (2005). The handbook of pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Introzzi, I., Andrés, M. L., Canet-Juric, L., Stelzer, F., & Richard’s, M. M. (2016). The relationship between the
rumination style and perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral inhibition. Psychology & Neuroscience, 9(4), 444-456. doi: 10.1037/pne0000068
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2006). How we reason. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2010a). Against logical form. Psychologia Belgica, 50(3–4), 193-221. doi:10.5334/pb- 50-3-4-193
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2010b). Mental models and human reasoning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(43), 18243-18250. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012933107
Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (1991). Deduction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Goodwin, G. P., & Khemlani, S. S. (2018). Mental models and reasoning. En L. J. Ball & V. A. Thompson (Eds.), International handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 346-365). New York, NY:Routledge.
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Khemlani, S. S., & Goodwin, G. P. (2015). Logic, probability, and human reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(4), 201-214. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.006
Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Ragni, M. (2019). Possibilities as the foundation of reasoning. Cognition, 193, 103950. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.019
Khemlani, S. S. (2018). Reasoning. Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 1-45. doi:10.1002/9781119170174.ep cn311
Khemlani, S. S., Byrne, R. M., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2018). Facts and Possibilities: A Model Based Theory of Sentential Reasoning. Cognitive science, 42(6), 1887-1924. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12634
Khemlani, S. S., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2017). Illusions in reasoning. Minds and Machines, 27(1), 11-35. doi: 10.1007/s11023-017-9421-x
Khemlani, S., Orenes, I., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2012).Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and use. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(5), 541-559.doi:10.1080/20445911.2012.660913
Khemlani, S., Orenes, I., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2014). The negations of conjunctions, conditionals, and disjunctions. Acta Psychologica, 151, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.004
Laajaj, R., Macours, K., Hernandez, D. A. P., Arias, O., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., & Vakis, R. (2019). Challenges
to capture the big five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science advances, 5(7), eaaw5226. doi:
10.1126/sciadv.aaw522
Ledesma, R. D., Sánchez, R., & Díaz-Lázaro, C. M. (2011). Adjective checklist to assess the Big Five personality
factors in the Argentine population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(1), 46-55. doi:10.1080/00223891.2010.513708
Macbeth, G., Crivello, M.d.C., Fioramonti, M., & Razumiejczyk, E. (2017a). Chronometrical evidence supports the model theory of negation. Sage Open, 7(2), 1-8. doi:10.1177/2158244017716216
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., & Campitelli, G. (2011). Relevancia de la introspección para el reconocimiento de las leyes lógicas de Augustus De Morgan. Boletín de Psicología, 101(1), 67-79.
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., & Crivello, M. d. C. (2014a). Efecto de la distorsión introspectiva sobre los errores de superficie en el razonamiento lógico. Boletín de Psicología, 111(2), 25-43.
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., Crivello, M., Bolzán, C., Girardi, C. I. P., & Campitelli, G. (2014b). Mental models for the negation of conjunctions and disjunctions. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10(1), 135-149. doi:10.5964/ejop.v10i1.696
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., Crivello, M., & Fernández, J. H. (2017b). Gaze patterns of compound negation
processing. Education Science and Psychology 4(46), 3-10.
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., Crivello, M., Fioramonti, M., & Pereyra Girardi, C. I. (2013). The shallow processing of logical negation. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 196-201. doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20130205.15
Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., Crivello, M., Fioramonti, M., & Pereyra Girardi, C. I. (2015). Prior Affirmative Representation Facilitates the Cognitive Processing of Compound Negation. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 5(6), 205-215. doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20150506.02
Manktelow, K. I. (2012). Thinking and reasoning. An introduction to the psychology of reason, judgment and decision making. London & New York: Psychology Press.
Markovits, H., Brisson, J., & de Chantal, P. L. (2017). Logical reasoning versus information processing in the dual-strategy model of reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(1), 72-80. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000291
Markovits, H., Thompson, V. A., & Brisson, J. (2015). Metacognition and abstract reasoning. Memory & cognition, 43(4), 681-693. doi:10.3758/s13421-014-0488-9
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the fivefactor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(1), 81-90. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research, (pp. 139-153). New York: Guilford.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2004). A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and individual differences, 36(3), 587-596. doi:10.1016/S01918869(03)00118-1
McCrae, R. R., & Mõttus, R. (2019). What Personality Scales Measure: A New Psychometrics and Its Implications for Theory and Assessment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(4), 415-420. doi : 10.1177/0963721419849559
McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: data from 50 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88(3), 547-561. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.547
Morgan, A. de (1847). Formal logic: or, the calculus of inference, necessary and probable. London: Taylor and Walton.
Pereira, A. T., Marques, N., Soares, M. J., Valente, J., Nogueira, V., Boss, S., ... Azevedo, M. H. (2012). Worry and rumination: exploring a brief measure of repetitive thought. European Psychiatry, 27(1), 1. doi: 10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75225-2
Restrepo, J. E. (2015). Correlatos cognitivos y neuropsicológicos de los cinco grandes: una revisión en el área de la neurociencia de la personalidad. Pensando Psicología, 11(18), 107-127. doi:10.16925/pe.v11i18.1004
Rips, L. J. (1994). The psychology of proof. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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Efeito da personalidade no raciocínio composto. (2020). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 26(1), e313. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n1.04
