Psychological characteristics and mental health problems in mexican students: A structural analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2016.v22n2.11Keywords:
Personality; anger; self-efficacy; self-denial; perceived control; mental healthAbstract
The objective of this study was to propose a structural model that delineates the relationship between different psychological characteristics in relation to mental health problems through a structural equation model. In a non-random, intentional sample of N = 231 students, the specified model demonstrates that anger-trait, self-denial and internal locus of control variables have effects on mental health problems through mediators such as anger-in, lack of assertiveness, and self-efficacy, and that they keep the expected theoretical relationships (X2 = 50.24, gl = 35 and p = 0.04; razón X2/gl = 1.44, CFI = .98, NFI = .93, IFI = .98, RMSEA = .04) These findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to understanding the mechanisms of the complex relationship among psychological characteristics, personality and health.
Downloads
References
Astudillo-García, C. I. & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2006). Autoeficacia y disposición al cambio para la realización de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 9(1), 41-49.
Avendaño, R. & Díaz-Guerrero, R. (1990). El desarrollo de una escala de abnegación para los mexicanos. La Psicología Social en México, 3, 9-14.
Avendaño, R., Díaz-Guerrero, R., & Reyes-Lagunes, I. (1997). Validación psicométrica de la segunda escala de abnegación para jóvenes y adultos. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 31(1), 47-56.
Bandura, A. (1994). Self efficacy. Nueva York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Benjet, C., Borges, G., Medina-Mora, M. E., Méndez, E., Fleiz, C., Rojas, E., & Cruz, C. (2009). Diferencias de sexo en la prevalencia y severidad de trastornos psiquiátricos en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 32(2), 155-163.
Bonnet, D. G. (2002). Sample size requirements for testing and estimating coefficient Alpha. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 27(4), 335-339. doi:10.3102/ 10769986027004335
Cantón, S. F. (2008). La salud de los adolescentes. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 46(1), 91-100.
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011). Personality and longevity: knowns, unknowns, and implications for public health and personalized medicine. Journal of Aging Research, 1-24. doi:10.4061/2011/759170
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(4), 668-678.
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1990). Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4(4), 362-371.
Dembroski, T. M. & Costa, P. T. (1987). Coronary prone behavior: Components of the Type A pattern and hostility. Journal of Personality, 55(2), 211-235.
Díaz-Guerrero, R. (2003). Bajo las garras de la cultura: psicología del mexicano 2. México, D. F.: Trillas.
Domínguez-Guedea, M. T. & Díaz-Loving, R. (2016). Escala de abnegación en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores. Anales de Psicología, 32(1), 224-233.
Domínguez-Lara, S. & Merino-Soto, C. (2015). ¿Por qué es importante reportar los intervalos de confianza del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach? Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13 (2), 1326-1328.
Drapeau, C. W., Cerel, J., & Moore, M. (2016). How personality, coping styles, and perceived closeness influence help-seeking attitudes in suicide-bereaved adults. Death Studies, 40(3), 165-171.
Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Flores, G. M. & Díaz-Loving, R. (2004). Escala Multidimensional de Asertividad. México: Manual Moderno.
Flores, M. M. & Aguilar, C. B. (1998). Asertividad versus abnegación en una cultura tradicional. La Psicología Social en México, 8, 150-157.
Friedman, H. S. (2000). Long term relations of personality and health: dynamisms, mechanisms, tropisms. Journal of Personality, 68(6), 1089-1107.
Friedman, H. S. (2008). The multiple linkages of personality and disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22(5), 668-675. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.09.004
Friedman, M. & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings: blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169(12), 1286-1296. doi:10.1001/jama.1959.03000290012005.
Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Tomlinson- Keasey, C., Martin, L. R., Wingard, D. L., & Criqui, M. H. (1995). Psychosocial and behavioral predictors of longevity: the aging and death of the «Termites». American Psychologist, 50(2), 69-78.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative «Description of Personality»: the big-five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216-1229
Heinze, G., Vargas, B. E., & Cortés Sotres, J. F. (2008). Síntomas psiquiátricos y rasgos de personalidad en dos grupos opuestos de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM. Salud Mental, 31(5), 343-350.
Juan-Hernández, D.M. & Méndez-Bastida, B.G. (2008). La relación entre locus de control, asertividad, abnegación, como predictores del rendimiento escolar, en estudiantes de tercer grado de secundaria (Tesis inédita de licenciatura). UNAM.
Jokela, M., Batty, G. D., Nyberg, S. T., Virtanen, M., Nabi, H., Singh-Manoux, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2013). Personality and all-cause mortality: individual-participant meta-analysis of 3,947 deaths in 76,150 adults. American Journal of Epidemiology, 178(5), 667-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt170
Juárez-García, A. & Noriega, L. (2015). Cuando el sí se puede hacer la diferencia: validez de la escala de autoeficacia en empleados de salud y manufactura. En A. Juárez-García, Investigaciones psicométricas de escalas psicosociales en trabajadores mexicanos. México: Plaza y Valdés.
Koepsell, D. R. & Ruiz, M. (2015). Ética de la investigación. Integridad científica. México: Comisión Nacional de Bioética / Secretaría de Salud.
La Rosa, J. (1986). Escalas de locus de control y autoconcepto: construcción y validación (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64(4), 241-256. doi:10.1037/a0015309
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1986). Stress, appraisal and coping. Nueva York: Springer Publishing Company Inc.
Lefcourt, H. M. (Ed.). (2013). Research with the locus of control construct: extensions and limitations. Orlando, Fl: Academic Press Inc.
León, R. & Sirlopu, D. (1996). La hostilidad y su relación con trastorno cardiaco-coronarios. Revista de Neuropsiquiatría, 59(4), 211-235
Lomax, R. G. (2001). Statistical concepts (2.a ed.). Nueva Jersey: Lawrence Eribaum.
Lyons, M. D., Huebner, E. S., & Hills, K. J. (2016). Relations among personality characteristics, environmental events, coping behavior and adolescents' life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(3), 1033-1050. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9630-z
Márquez, A. & Juárez-García, A. (2016). El rol moderador de la abnegación en la relación de acoso psicológico (mobbing) y salud mental en trabajadores mexicanos [Documento en preparación].
McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2, 139-153.
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, M. C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J. J., Fleiz, B. C., ...Aguilar-Gaxiolo, S. (2003). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: Resultados de la encuesta nacional de epidemiología psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental, 26(4), 1-16.
Medina-Mora, M. E., Padilla, G. P., Campillo-Serrano, C., Mas, C. C., Ezban, M., Caraveo, J., & Corona, J. (1983). The factor structure of the GHQ: a scaled version for a hopitalâs general practice service in Mexico. Psychological Medicine, 13(2), 355-361. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291700050984
Moreno-Jiménez, B., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., Moreno, Y., & Garrosa, E. (2006). El papel moderador de la asertividad y la ansiedad social en el acoso psicológico en el trabajo: dos estudios empíricos. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 22(3), 363-380.
Moscoso, M. S. (2000). Estructura factorial del Inventario Multicultural Latinoamericano de la Expresión de la Cólera y la Hostilidad. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 32(2), 321-343.
Oh, I., Wang, G., & Mount, M. K. (2011). Validity of observer ratings of the five-factor model of personality traits: a meta- analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 762-73.
Rodríguez, C. & Church, A. T. (2003). The structure and personality correlates of affect in Mexico evidence of cross- cultural comparability using the Spanish Language. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(2), 211-230. doi:10.1177/0022022102250247
Roldán, G. M., Salazar, I. C., & Garrido, L. (2014). La asertividad y la salud de familiares cuidadores de pacientes con trastorno mental grave. Psicología Conductual, 22(3), 501 521.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1-28.
Ruíz, M. A., Pardo, A., & San Martín, R. (2010). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 34-45
Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (2014). Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Nueva York: Taylor & Francis.
Shipley, B., Weiss, A., Der, G., Taylor, M., & Deary, J. (2007). Neuroticism, extraversion, and mortality in the UK health and lifestyle survey: a 21-year prospective cohort study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(9), 923-931. doi:10.1097/ PSY.0b013e31815abf83
Siegman, A. W. & Smith, T. W. (Eds.). (1994). Anger, hostility, and the heart. Nueva Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., & Worden, T. J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. Chesney & R. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders (pp. 5-30). Nueva York: Hemisphere Publising Corporation.
Terman, L. M. & Oden, M. H. (Eds.) (1947). Genetic Studies of Genius: The gifted child grows up; twenty-five years' follow- up of a superior group. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ullman, J. B. (2006). Structural equation modelling: reviewing the basics and moving forward. Journal of Personality Assesment, 87(1), 35-50
Velásquez, C., Montgomery, W., Montero, V., Pomalaya, R., Dioses, A., Velásquez, N., ...Reynoso, D. (2008). Bienestar psicológico, asertividad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios sanmarquinos. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 11(2), 139-152.
Williams, R. B., Barefoot, J. C., & Shekelle, R. B. (1985). The health consequences of hostility. In M. A. Chesney, S.E Goldston & R.H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger, Hostility and Behavioral Medicine (pp. 173-185). Nueva York: McGraw Hill
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright: In the event that the manuscript is approved for future publication, the authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the rights to publish, edit, reproduce, distribute, exhibit, and communicate nationally and internationally in the various databases, repositories and portals.
Self-archiving policy: The author can share, disseminate, and publicize his research published by the media (e.g., academic social networks, repositories, and portals) available on the web. During the editorial review process, the journal will provide the author with the previous versions (post-print) which should NOT be disclosed by any media, only for personal use and for final approval. Liberabit will send the author the final version of the article (published version) in PDF and HTML to be shared, disseminated and disclosed by the media available on the web. After the publication of the articles, the authors can make other independent or additional agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the article published in this journal (publication in books or institutional repositories), provided that it is indicated with the respective reference that the work has been published for the first time in this journal.