Family risk factors and harsh discipline practices that predict child’s aggressive behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n2.05Keywords:
structural equation modeling, aggressiveness, children, parenting, family violenceAbstract
Objective: A model of family risk factors and harsh discipline practices that predict child’s aggressive behavior was empirically evaluated, identifying its adequacy in terms of data adjustment and conceptual congruence. Method: A sample of 409 mothers of children from public elementary schools was used. The selected family risk factors were: symptoms of maternal anxiety, marital violence and harsh discipline practices; the criterion variable was the child’s aggressive behavior. The model assumes that maternal anxiety and marital violence have effects on child’s aggressive behavior, which is mediated by harsh discipline practices. The research strategy was designed with a structural equation model. The results were satisfactory (CFI = .952, NNFI = .94 and RMSEA = .08) and the model predicted 34% of the variance of child’s aggressive behavior problems. Due to its direct effects, harsh discipline depends on maternal anxiety (β = .44) and marital violence (β = .10). Harsh discipline is a mediating variable between child’s aggressive behavior and maternal anxiety and marital violence (β = .59). Results: The results indicate that maternal anxiety and marital violence have significant effects on child’s aggressive behavior problems, which are mediated by disciplinary practices. Conclusion: The results must be confirmed with new studies conducted in different populations that allow generalizing the findings.
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References
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Andrade, P., Betancourt, D., Vallejo, A., Segura, B. & Rojas, M. (2012). Prácticas parentales y sintomatología depresiva. Salud Mental, 35, 29-36.
Bazán, A., Sánchez, B. A., & Castañeda, S. (2007). Relación estructural entre apoyo familiar, nivel educativo de los padres, características del maestro y desempeño en lengua escrita. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 12 (33), 701-729. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=14003312
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Bentler, P. & Wu, E. (2002). EQS 6 for Windows. User´s Guide. Encino, EUA: Multivariate Software, Inc.
Benzies, K., Harrison, M., & Magill-Evans, J. (2004). Parenting and childhood behavior problems: Mother´s and father´s voices. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25, 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840490249028-21
Berkowitz, L. (2008). On the consideration of automatic as well as controlled psychological processes in aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 34, 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20244
Betancourt, D. (2007). Control parental y problemas internalizados y externalizados en niños y adolescentes. Tesis Doctoral en Psicología. México: Facultad de Psicología, UNAM.
Betancourt, D., & Andrade, P. (2011). Control parental y problemas emocionales y de conducta en adolescentes. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 20(1), 27-47.
Bradford, K., Barber, B., Olsen, J., Maughan, S., Erickson, L., Ward, D., & Stolz, H. (2003). A multi-national study of interparental conflict, parenting, and adolescent functioning. Marriage and Family Review, 35(3-4), 107-137. https://doi.org/10.1300/j002v35n03_07
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Bustos Aguayo, M. & Flores Herrera, M. L (2001). El papel del ambiente en el desarrollo y desempeño del niño. En: L. M. Flores Herrera y J. M. Bustos Aguayo (Comps.), Concepciones en la interacción social del niño (pp. 103-156). México: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Buehler, C., Anthony, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Gerard, J., & Pemberton, S. (1997). Interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025006909538
Cabrera, V. (2007). Relaciones maritales, relaciones parentales y su influencia en el ajuste psicológico de los hijos. En: V. Cabrera & P. Guevara (Eds.), Relaciones familiares y ajuste de psicológico: Dos estudios en adolescentes de familias colombianas (pp. 1-65). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Cacique, I. (2017). Fuentes y datos sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en México. Aprendizajes, dificultades y retos acumulados. Revista Internacional de Estadística y Geografía, 8(1), 6-16.
Chang, L., Dodge, K., Schwarts, D., & McBride, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 598-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598
Compas, B. E., & Gotlib, H. I. (2003). Introducción a la psicología clínica. México: McGraw Hill.
Corina, V. (2010). Escala de tolerancia parental hacia los comportamientos infantiles, elaboración y validación. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 2 (42), 203-214.
Cova, F., Rincón, P., Bustos, C., Streiner, D., King, M., Saldivia, ... Novoa, C. (2019). Randomized Cluster Trial of a Parenting Program in Chile: Key Mediators in the Decrease in Behaviors Problems in Preschool Children. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104519864124
Durand, V. M. & Barlow, H. D. (2007). Psicopatología: Un enfoque integral de la psicología anormal. México: Thomson.
Fagan, A. A., & Benedini, K. M. (2016). How do Family-Focused Prevention Programs Work? A Review of Mediating Mechanisms Associated with Reductions in youth Antisocial Behaviors. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(4), 285-309. doi: 10.1007/s10567-016-0207-0
Fajardo, V. & Hernández, L. (2008). Tratamiento cognitivo conductual de la conducta agresiva infantil. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta, 34 (2), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v34.i2.16216
Ferguson, K., Cassells, R., MacAllister, J., & Evans, G. (2013). The Psysichal Environment and Child Development: An International Review. International Journal of Psychology, 48(4), 437-468. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2013.804190
Firmin, M. W. & Castle, S. L. (2008). Early childhood discipline: A review of the literature. Journal of Research on Christian Education.17, 107-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10656210801909715
Flores, L. M., Ruíz, M., Jiménez, J. & Mercado, S. J. (2017). Influencia de las prácticas parentales y los problemas internalizados y externalizados en sus hijos adolescentes. In L. M. Flores & J. Jiménez (Aut.), Funcionamiento familiar y escolar. Estudios evaluativos y de intervención (pp. 56-76). Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Flores, L. M., Villegas, P., Martínez, G., & Palacios, P. (2017). Modelo psicoambiental de la agresión infantil. Revista Electrónica de Psicología de la FES Zaragoza, 7(14), 14-19. Recuperado de https://www.zaragoza.unam.mx/wp-content/Portal2015/publicaciones/revistas/rev_elec_psico/REP_14.pdf
Forehand, R., Lafko, N., Parent, J., & Burt, K. B. (2014). Is Parenting the Mediator of Change in Behavioral Parent Training for Externalizing Problems of Youth? Clinical Psychology Review, 34(8), 608-619. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.10.001
Ginsburg, G., Grover, R., & Ialongo, N. (2004). Parenting behavior among anxious and non-anxious mothers: Relation with concurrent and long-term child outcomes. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 26 (4), 23-41.doi: https://doi.org/10.1300/j019v26n04_02
Guevara, P. (2007). Factores contextuales y emociones morales como predictores de los comportamientos prosociales y problemáticos en la adolescencia. En: V. Cabrera & P. Guevara (eds), Relaciones familiares y ajuste de psicológico: Dos estudios en adolescentes de familias colombianas (pp. 1-65). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Haan, D., Prinzie, P., & Dekoviæ, M. (2010). How and Why Children Change in Aggression and Delinquency from Childhood to Adolescence: Moderation of Over Reactive Parenting by Child Personality. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 725-733. doi: 101111/j.1469-7610.2009.02192.x
Jaffe, S. R., Hanscombe, K. B., Haworth, C. M. Davis, O. S., & Plomin, R. (2012). Chaotic Homes and Children´s Disruptive Behavior: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Twin Study. Psychological Science, 23(6),643-650. doi:10.1177/0956797611431693
Jiménez Flores, J. (2014). Factores de riesgo familiares y conducta agresiva infantil: Un modelo ecológico de desarrollo. Tesis Doctoral en Psicología. México: Facultad de Psicología, UNAM.
Jiménez Flores, J. & Flores Herrera, L. M. (2014). Diseño y validación psicométrica de la Lista de Prácticas de Disciplina Severa. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 38 (2), 137-153.
Kline, R. (1998). Structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Krahé, B., Bondü, R., Höse, A., & Esser, G. (2014). Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1-12. doi:10.1111/jora.12115
Langrock, A., Compas, B., Keller, G., Merchant, J., & Copeland, M. (2002). Coping with the stress of parental depression: Parents´ report of children´s coping, emotional and behavioral problems. Journal of Clinical and Adolescent Psychology, 3 (31), 312-324.
MacPhee, A, & Andrews, J. (2006). Risk factors for depression in early adolescence. Adolescence, 163 (41), 435-466.
Mercado, J.S., Landázuri, M.A. & Terán, A. (2001). Psicología ambiental: Una visión perspectiva. En: Luz María Flores Herrera y José Marcos Bustos Aguayo (Comps.), Concepciones en la interacción social del niño (pp. 23-77). México: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Mora, J., Natera, G., Tiburcio, M, & Juárez, F. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Tácticas de Conflicto (CTS2) en mujeres mexicanas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 1 (25), 107-117.
Perris, C. (1988). A theoretical framework for linking the experience of dysfunctional parental rearing attitudes with manifest psychopathology. Act Psychiatric Scandinavia, 344 (78), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb09007.x
Rasit, A. & Songul, G. (2013). The relationship among interparental conflict, peer, media effects and the violence behavior of adolescents. The mediator role of attitudes toward violence. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13 (4), 2005-2015. https://doi.org/10.1212738/estp.2013.4.1950
Reid, B. J. & Patterson, R. G. (1989). The development of antisocial behavior patterns in childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Personality, 3, 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030205
Reppeti, R., Taylor, S., & Seeman, T. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 2 (128), 330-336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.2,330
Robles, R., Varela, R., Jurado, S. & Páez, F. (2001). Versión mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: Propiedades psicométricas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 18 (2), 211-218.
Sánchez, G. (2018). Factores ambientales y práctica parental en la manifestación de agresión infantil (Tesis Doctoral). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
Sander, J. & McCarty, C. (2005). Youth depression in the family context: Familial risk factors and models of treatment. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3 (8), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-6666-3
Sauceda, J.M., Olivo, N., Gutiérrez, J. & Maldonado, J. M. (2007). El castigo físico en la crianza de los hijos. Un estudio comparativo. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 63, 382-388.
Scaramella, V. L. & Leve, D. L. (2004). Clarifying parent-child reciprocities during early childhood: The early childhood coercion model. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2 (17), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ccfp.0000030287.13160.a3
Silva, A. (2003). Conducta antisocial: Un enfoque psicológico. México: Pax.
So-Kum, T. C. (2006). Corporal punishment and physical maltreatment against children: A community study on Chinese parents in Hong Kong. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 893-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.02.012
Agudelo, D., Buela-Casal, G. & Spielberger, C, (2007). Ansiedad y depresión: El problema de la diferenciación a través de sus síntomas. Salud Mental, 30 (2), 33-41.
Andrade, P., Betancourt, D., Vallejo, A., Segura, B. & Rojas, M. (2012). Prácticas parentales y sintomatología depresiva. Salud Mental, 35, 29-36.
Bazán, A., Sánchez, B. A., & Castañeda, S. (2007). Relación estructural entre apoyo familiar, nivel educativo de los padres, características del maestro y desempeño en lengua escrita. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 12 (33), 701-729. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=14003312
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893
Bentler, P. & Wu, E. (2002). EQS 6 for Windows. User´s Guide. Encino, EUA: Multivariate Software, Inc.
Benzies, K., Harrison, M., & Magill-Evans, J. (2004). Parenting and childhood behavior problems: Mother´s and father´s voices. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25, 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840490249028-21
Berkowitz, L. (2008). On the consideration of automatic as well as controlled psychological processes in aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 34, 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20244
Betancourt, D. (2007). Control parental y problemas internalizados y externalizados en niños y adolescentes. Tesis Doctoral en Psicología. México: Facultad de Psicología, UNAM.
Betancourt, D., & Andrade, P. (2011). Control parental y problemas emocionales y de conducta en adolescentes. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 20(1), 27-47.
Bradford, K., Barber, B., Olsen, J., Maughan, S., Erickson, L., Ward, D., & Stolz, H. (2003). A multi-national study of interparental conflict, parenting, and adolescent functioning. Marriage and Family Review, 35(3-4), 107-137. https://doi.org/10.1300/j002v35n03_07
Buss, A. (1961). The Psychology of Aggression. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. doi: 10.1037/11160-000
Bustos Aguayo, M. & Flores Herrera, M. L (2001). El papel del ambiente en el desarrollo y desempeño del niño. En: L. M. Flores Herrera y J. M. Bustos Aguayo (Comps.), Concepciones en la interacción social del niño (pp. 103-156). México: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Buehler, C., Anthony, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Gerard, J., & Pemberton, S. (1997). Interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025006909538
Cabrera, V. (2007). Relaciones maritales, relaciones parentales y su influencia en el ajuste psicológico de los hijos. En: V. Cabrera & P. Guevara (Eds.), Relaciones familiares y ajuste de psicológico: Dos estudios en adolescentes de familias colombianas (pp. 1-65). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Cacique, I. (2017). Fuentes y datos sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en México. Aprendizajes, dificultades y retos acumulados. Revista Internacional de Estadística y Geografía, 8(1), 6-16.
Chang, L., Dodge, K., Schwarts, D., & McBride, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 598-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598
Compas, B. E., & Gotlib, H. I. (2003). Introducción a la psicología clínica. México: McGraw Hill.
Corina, V. (2010). Escala de tolerancia parental hacia los comportamientos infantiles, elaboración y validación. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 2 (42), 203-214.
Cova, F., Rincón, P., Bustos, C., Streiner, D., King, M., Saldivia, ... Novoa, C. (2019). Randomized Cluster Trial of a Parenting Program in Chile: Key Mediators in the Decrease in Behaviors Problems in Preschool Children. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104519864124
Durand, V. M. & Barlow, H. D. (2007). Psicopatología: Un enfoque integral de la psicología anormal. México: Thomson.
Fagan, A. A., & Benedini, K. M. (2016). How do Family-Focused Prevention Programs Work? A Review of Mediating Mechanisms Associated with Reductions in youth Antisocial Behaviors. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(4), 285-309. doi: 10.1007/s10567-016-0207-0
Fajardo, V. & Hernández, L. (2008). Tratamiento cognitivo conductual de la conducta agresiva infantil. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta, 34 (2), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v34.i2.16216
Ferguson, K., Cassells, R., MacAllister, J., & Evans, G. (2013). The Psysichal Environment and Child Development: An International Review. International Journal of Psychology, 48(4), 437-468. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2013.804190
Firmin, M. W. & Castle, S. L. (2008). Early childhood discipline: A review of the literature. Journal of Research on Christian Education.17, 107-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10656210801909715
Flores, L. M., Ruíz, M., Jiménez, J. & Mercado, S. J. (2017). Influencia de las prácticas parentales y los problemas internalizados y externalizados en sus hijos adolescentes. In L. M. Flores & J. Jiménez (Aut.), Funcionamiento familiar y escolar. Estudios evaluativos y de intervención (pp. 56-76). Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Flores, L. M., Villegas, P., Martínez, G., & Palacios, P. (2017). Modelo psicoambiental de la agresión infantil. Revista Electrónica de Psicología de la FES Zaragoza, 7(14), 14-19. Recuperado de https://www.zaragoza.unam.mx/wp-content/Portal2015/publicaciones/revistas/rev_elec_psico/REP_14.pdf
Forehand, R., Lafko, N., Parent, J., & Burt, K. B. (2014). Is Parenting the Mediator of Change in Behavioral Parent Training for Externalizing Problems of Youth? Clinical Psychology Review, 34(8), 608-619. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.10.001
Ginsburg, G., Grover, R., & Ialongo, N. (2004). Parenting behavior among anxious and non-anxious mothers: Relation with concurrent and long-term child outcomes. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 26 (4), 23-41.doi: https://doi.org/10.1300/j019v26n04_02
Guevara, P. (2007). Factores contextuales y emociones morales como predictores de los comportamientos prosociales y problemáticos en la adolescencia. En: V. Cabrera & P. Guevara (eds), Relaciones familiares y ajuste de psicológico: Dos estudios en adolescentes de familias colombianas (pp. 1-65). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Haan, D., Prinzie, P., & Dekoviæ, M. (2010). How and Why Children Change in Aggression and Delinquency from Childhood to Adolescence: Moderation of Over Reactive Parenting by Child Personality. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 725-733. doi: 101111/j.1469-7610.2009.02192.x
Jaffe, S. R., Hanscombe, K. B., Haworth, C. M. Davis, O. S., & Plomin, R. (2012). Chaotic Homes and Children´s Disruptive Behavior: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Twin Study. Psychological Science, 23(6),643-650. doi:10.1177/0956797611431693
Jiménez Flores, J. (2014). Factores de riesgo familiares y conducta agresiva infantil: Un modelo ecológico de desarrollo. Tesis Doctoral en Psicología. México: Facultad de Psicología, UNAM.
Jiménez Flores, J. & Flores Herrera, L. M. (2014). Diseño y validación psicométrica de la Lista de Prácticas de Disciplina Severa. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 38 (2), 137-153.
Kline, R. (1998). Structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Krahé, B., Bondü, R., Höse, A., & Esser, G. (2014). Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1-12. doi:10.1111/jora.12115
Langrock, A., Compas, B., Keller, G., Merchant, J., & Copeland, M. (2002). Coping with the stress of parental depression: Parents´ report of children´s coping, emotional and behavioral problems. Journal of Clinical and Adolescent Psychology, 3 (31), 312-324.
MacPhee, A, & Andrews, J. (2006). Risk factors for depression in early adolescence. Adolescence, 163 (41), 435-466.
Mercado, J.S., Landázuri, M.A. & Terán, A. (2001). Psicología ambiental: Una visión perspectiva. En: Luz María Flores Herrera y José Marcos Bustos Aguayo (Comps.), Concepciones en la interacción social del niño (pp. 23-77). México: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM.
Mora, J., Natera, G., Tiburcio, M, & Juárez, F. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Tácticas de Conflicto (CTS2) en mujeres mexicanas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 1 (25), 107-117.
Perris, C. (1988). A theoretical framework for linking the experience of dysfunctional parental rearing attitudes with manifest psychopathology. Act Psychiatric Scandinavia, 344 (78), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb09007.x
Rasit, A. & Songul, G. (2013). The relationship among interparental conflict, peer, media effects and the violence behavior of adolescents. The mediator role of attitudes toward violence. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13 (4), 2005-2015. https://doi.org/10.1212738/estp.2013.4.1950
Reid, B. J. & Patterson, R. G. (1989). The development of antisocial behavior patterns in childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Personality, 3, 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030205
Reppeti, R., Taylor, S., & Seeman, T. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 2 (128), 330-336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.2,330
Robles, R., Varela, R., Jurado, S. & Páez, F. (2001). Versión mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: Propiedades psicométricas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 18 (2), 211-218.
Sánchez, G. (2018). Factores ambientales y práctica parental en la manifestación de agresión infantil (Tesis Doctoral). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
Sander, J. & McCarty, C. (2005). Youth depression in the family context: Familial risk factors and models of treatment. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3 (8), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-6666-3
Sauceda, J.M., Olivo, N., Gutiérrez, J. & Maldonado, J. M. (2007). El castigo físico en la crianza de los hijos. Un estudio comparativo. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 63, 382-388.
Scaramella, V. L. & Leve, D. L. (2004). Clarifying parent-child reciprocities during early childhood: The early childhood coercion model. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2 (17), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ccfp.0000030287.13160.a3
Silva, A. (2003). Conducta antisocial: Un enfoque psicológico. México: Pax.
So-Kum, T. C. (2006). Corporal punishment and physical maltreatment against children: A community study on Chinese parents in Hong Kong. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 893-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.02.012
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How to Cite
Family risk factors and harsh discipline practices that predict child’s aggressive behavior. (2019). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 25(2), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2019.v25n2.05
